tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-85521504167419596252024-03-07T19:49:07.305-08:00How to write scientific paperResearch Topic Colored Papertriciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-64793686374362487462020-08-26T19:14:00.001-07:002020-08-26T19:14:03.973-07:00British Airways Supply Chain free essay sampleActivities and Supply Chain Management ESMT Case Study British Airways: A Journey in Procurement Transformation Q1à In the case what are the difficulties looked by the acquisition bunch in coming 2 years ahead? There are a few difficulties the acquirement bunch looked somewhere in the range of 2004 and 2006. Above all else, staying aware of the accomplishment of the previous years, particularly the expense and execution enhancements and furthermore keeping financial specialists upbeat (consistent increment of offer cost since the start of 2003).Secondly, the obtainment bunch was to confront difficulties while excusing the quantity of providers, building cross business adjustment to build up a uniform sourcing process, lessen spending and utilizing it. The turn out of extra instruments of Aribaââ¬â¢s spend the executives arrangement, which should cover all spend classifications was another test. Since it before all else just comprised of a little gathering of providers stretched out over the coming month, which may prompt challenges when attempting to build similarity with favored providers. Those will be diminished to 2000, which will make it simpler to oversee them and furthermore to create legitimate sourcing systems. Anyway incorporating the diverse Ariba framework instruments spoke to another test, and was imperative to ensure that requests depend on the equivalent concurred terms. Moreover the acquisition bunch intended to alter indexes. The difficulties it looked here were to make requesting easier, bolster exchanges with favored providers, decline receipt jumbles, accelerate endorsements and advance demand accuracy.In expansion to this another future test was to rollout to abroad activities and auxiliaries. This would mean another decrease in representative headcount in different divisions and could lead again to protection from change among workers. In this manner change the board would be a fundamental instrument to handle this test, while the specialized piece of the turn out ought not be an issue. Q2 What were the arrangements proposed and how could they address the issues confronted? Arrangements proposed were to adjust to a nonexclusive sourcing process.Initially it comprised of five tollgates. Later it was decreased to three tollgates, as a result of substantial outstanding burden looked by the people in control (External Spend Group) during the audit procedure, which would have undermined the significant level of proficiency. It upheld an increasingly organized, straightforward and mindful work process, buying procedure and cost controlling. It tended to the up to that point liberal administration of purchasers, who now and then could approved spending up to ? 1 million without endorsement by managers. Adjusting to another sourcing procedure additionally intended to rebuild BAââ¬â¢s authoritative buying process. So as to do as such, extra programming for value-based buying of administrations and items was presented. Up to that point this procedure occurred through extremely asset escalated strategies. At the time the required programming was still going to create and it required some investment to locate the correct one. This new programming from (Ariba Buyer) should fill the hole of productively (time and cost) buying in the acquirement procedure, which existed in this area.It ran on an outer Internet stage, which empowered BA to set up working arrangements all the more rapidly. With its capacity to join a few administration abilities and to halfway deal with the parts of the acquisition procedure the framework tended to the issues beginning through the prior referenced hole. Another issue looked by BA during the execution of the acquirement change program was the protection from this new procedure and to utilization of the product in all areas.It was a steady issue since the quest for acquisition process programming and simultaneously continuous employment cuts of the ââ¬Å"Future Size and Shapeâ⬠activity in the year 2000. After three years BA began to handle the issue by demonstrating the benefits of Ariba Buyer, offering support (e. g. call place for purchasers) and preparing (ââ¬Å"Learning Programmeâ⬠). An effective apparatus turned into the ââ¬Å"Z-cardâ⬠. It was a little enough card to be hefted around all over the place and clarified in pictures and straightforward language the means of the new procedure and technique. It likewise clarified how this new advancement fit with the ââ¬Å"Future Size and Shapeâ⬠activity. Q3à What signs are there that the progressions worked? 1999-2004 In 2003, a fast increment of key obtainment forms indicated that the usage of the five tollgates had worked. Additionally the help administrations for purchasers like the get focus ended up being a triumph with more than 100 calls for every day. The adjustment in obtainment system and procedure had likewise a positive effect on the main concern. Acquirement investment funds had consistently expanded since the beginning of the change in 1999.In 2001/2002 the new improvement lead to reserve funds of about ? 50 million. Only three years after the fact in 2004/2005 it had expanded by multiple times to ? 200 million of reserve funds. With such an improvement the expense for Ariba Buyer was returned in only five months. Another sign that the progressions worked demonstrated quick increment of requests trough the Ariba Buyer framework in the second 50% of 2003. A few extra advantages showed that the progressions had worked. For example, progressively straightforward spending, which shows an ascent in orders prepared through Ariba Buyer.This likewise diminished the measure of providers utilized up to that point by 63% in 2003. Another expansion was recorded in contract consistence, where favored providers began to turn out to be a piece of the day by day business, not simply lessening off agreement spending and bringing about lower costs for merchandise and ventures bought, yet additionally decreasing regulatory endeavors through less agreements. With better data on buying spend, it was conceivable to investigate which sum was spend for which provider and item. This empowered the acquisition gathering to begin utilizing buying power and along these lines spare expenses in various regions like in-flight cooking in the US (15%), ground fuel at the London air terminals (22%) and group settlement in the US (17%). Additionally inside handling costs have been diminished, with a positive effect on mistake rates, exchange cost (diminished by 48%) and request preparing time, with the majority of the requests being executed electronically. This gives workers more opportunity to focus on esteem include exercises, prompting higher representative efficiency. Since the work process had been upgraded less workforce was needed.Therefore BA had the option to diminish headcount utilized particularly in acquirement and safe extra expenses. Q4à What could have been done another way? The obtainment group ought to have been thorough about the utilization of Ariba Buyer directly from the earliest starting point at the usage of the product. This could have been f inished by intently observing the use of the product by purchasers, yet in addition by ensuring that representatives really realize how to utilize it and what the reason for the product is. This could have been effectively accomplished via preparing workforce and supporting the product directly from the earliest starting point as ell. The time taken until strengthening measures (like in 2003 for more tight NDI controls) was excessively long. During this time purchasers were excessively enormously enabled with a lot of opportunity about their dynamic. Additionally the presentation of the tollgates came late all the while and ought to have been as of now set up when the new programming was propelled. The individuals in control ought to have likewise been proactive with advancing the acquisition change program directly from the earliest starting point among workers, by presenting the expectations and objectives something like the ââ¬Å"Z-cardâ⬠directly at the beginning.This would have diminished opposition against the change. Likewise one ought to have thought picked an alternate opportunity to present the ââ¬Å"Future Size and Shapeâ⬠activity, which at the t ime was simply one more change and caused extra obstruction. The beginning of this activity directly toward the start of the obtainment change program would have been something more. Or on the other hand one ought to have held up until individuals have acclimated to the underlying changes and afterward concoct this plan. triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-39777631179759330712020-08-22T09:14:00.001-07:002020-08-22T09:14:25.924-07:00Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen: Mr. Darcy Overcoming His PridePride and Prejudice composed by Jane Austen in the nineteenth century, recounts to the tale of a high society man Mr. Darcy over coming his pride, to become hopelessly enamored with working class Elizabeth Bennet, who consents to wed him subsequent to getting over her own biased issues. The story is set in the mid 1800ââ¬â¢s in England, when class and social request were significant, and individuals wedded for cash and economic wellbeing. Austen has composed the book to scrutinize and make jokes about a portion of these strange qualities in a mocking manner, and positions the peruser to see that marriage isnââ¬â¢t about cash or economic wellbeing, yet genuine romance. Through the way Jane has composed the story and developed the characters, as a peruser we are situated to react pleasingly to the manners by which she has spoken to thoughts and depicted generalizations and customs dependent on the social standings and issues of the regime time. In Pride and Prejudice, one of the fundamental topics centers around marriage. Austen accepts that marriage ought to be for affection, not for monetary and social solidness. Austen has built comparing couples to depict how couples that wed for genuine romance proceed to adore and live joyfully, while couples who wed for cash and status end up hopeless. There are a few characters in the novel that wedded for money related and social prosperity; Charlotte Lucas and Mr. Collins, Mr. Wickham and Lydia and Mr. also, Mrs. Bennet-all built with antagonistic character qualities. At the point when Mr. Collins visits the Bennetââ¬â¢s house at Longburn-where he is beneficiary to the domain, he is looking for a spouse ideally a Bennet sister as he feels somewhat regretful as they will be kicked out of their home when their dad passes on and he will acquire the home. At the point when Mr. Collinââ¬â¢s first proposes, it is to Lizzy, and his thinking is totally deficient with regards to feeling and depends on ââ¬Å"logic and convenienceâ⬠, as he clarified ââ¬Å"My purposes behind wedding seem to be, first, that I think it a correct thing for each minister in simple conditions (such as myself) to set the case of marriage in his area. Besides, that I am persuaded it will add extraordinarily to my bliss; and thirdly â⬠which maybe I should have referenced before, that it is the specific exhortation and suggestion of the extremely respectable woman whom I have the pleasure of calling patroness. This discourse shows that he is just considering his picture a priest, and how he would satisfy Lady Catherine and help out the Bennet family simultaneously. It was not love that would add to his bliss however more that he was accomplishing something respectable and would be found in a decent light by others. Austin depicts this assessment of the period further when the peruser perceives how aloof Mr. Collins is, after Lizzyââ¬â¢s gracious ââ¬Å"no thank youâ⬠, he constantly asks her, before at long last surrendering and after three days getting connected with to Lizzyââ¬â¢s closest companion, Charlotte Lucas. Charlotte who had purposely focused on Mr. Collins, supporting him after he is declined by Lizzy, was 27 years of age, and thought it was profoundly far-fetched she would improve offer of marriage. As she talked about with Lizzy, she was wedding for budgetary security and accepted that ââ¬Å"Happiness in marriage is altogether a matter of possibility. â⬠When Charlotte saw Lizzyââ¬â¢s stunned face as she reported her commitment she reacted with ââ¬Å"Oh, quiet. Not we all can stand to be sentimental. I've been offered an agreeable home and security. There's a great deal to be grateful for. This gives us that however Charlotte was an insightful woman, she had an even minded way to deal with marriage with no feeling of sentimental fascination in Mr. Collins-that she ââ¬Å"accepted him exclusively from the unadulterated and uninvolved want of an establishmentâ⬠. When Lizzy visits Charlotte at her home in Kent, she fundamentally discloses to Lizzy that she attempts to dis pose of her significant other by sending him cultivating and off on pointless outings limiting the time they spend together. Austen is demonstrating us the absurdity of them wedding for standardized savings and how in their relationship they scarcely even address one another. As a peruser, we are urged to see the marriage between Mr. Collins and Charlotte as a prime model in supporting Austenââ¬â¢s center around the possibility that marriage ought to be for affection not money related and social asylum. Austen has situated perusers to consider these to be as the logical thinkers of the novel. Perusers are not so much urged to like these characters. Austen leaves us, as perusers, regarding Lizzyââ¬â¢s choice to wed for affection and feeling scorn and scorn for Mr. Collins and Charlotte and their decision to have a cold, troubled marriage. In Pride and Prejudice, Austen has portrayed Mrs. Bennet and her little girl Lydia as senseless, uproarious and negligible characters, genuine instances of the silly conduct and qualities found in a portion of the center/high society ladies. Austen has portrayed these characters to permit us as a peruser to see them as ludicrous contrasted and Lizzy. Mrs Bennet is appeared as a discourteous tyrannical mother, whoââ¬â¢s sole desire in life is to get her five little girls wedded into the best money related and social position conceivable. At the point when a solitary rich man Mr. Bingley shows up in Netherfield, Mrs. Bennet is determined to getting her oldest little girl Jane to wed him. When Jane is welcomed over to the Bingleyââ¬â¢s, her mom requests ââ¬Å"â⬠You would be advised to go riding a horse, since it appears to probably rain and you should remain all nightâ⬠. When Jane falls wiped out, and should wait at the Bingleyââ¬â¢s, Mrs. Bennet is supported in light of the fact that ââ¬Å"As long as she remains there, it is all very wellâ⬠. This shows Mrs. Bennet doesn't consider her daughterââ¬â¢s wellbeing, just about her most obvious opportunity with regards to wedding and increasing a rich legacy. Lizzy who thinks her mom is been silly, snidely remarks ââ¬Å"If Jane should pass on; it would be solace to realize that it was all in quest for Mr. Bingleyâ⬠. Austen has utilized this line, to help build up the image that we as perusers comprehend that Mrs Bennet is silly, ravenous and her needs with respect to her daughterââ¬â¢s wellbeing and marriage are jumbled. Anyway as an elective perusing, we could decipher that Mrs. Bennet as just attempting to support her little girls, as center/high society ladies would be considered ineffectively, on the off chance that they found a new line of work, and in the event that they had no legacy, there would be no cash source; so it was vital that they got hitched at a youthful age to make sure about monetary security. Anyway Austin composes Lizzyââ¬â¢s character as beating these issues without this silliness. As referenced Lydia Bennet, similar to her mom is noisy, unimportant and regularly a shame to her family. She is the most youthful of the Bennet sisters at just 15 and is depicted as juvenile, senseless and credulous. Being the most loved of her mom, (as they are both so indistinguishable) Lydia is spoilt and has never truly been instructed the proper behavior or carry on out in the open. So when Lydia is offered consent to leave to Brighton, Lizzy isn't content, contending with her dad that ââ¬Å"â⬠Our significance, our decency on the planet, must be influenced by the wild unpredictability, the affirmation and scorn of all limitation which mark Lydia's character. This gives us as perusers, a gander at how she is seen by good individuals in the public eye through Lizzyââ¬â¢s exchange we are urged to think the equivalent. Lydia is additionally coquettish, as Lizzy proceeds to portray her as ââ¬Å"A be a tease, as well, in the most exceedingly terrible and meanest level of tease; with no fascination past youth and a middle of the road individual; and from the numbness and void of her mindâ⬠. Through different peopleââ¬â¢s depictions of Lydia, we as perusers disdain her humiliating and hasty disposition. At the point when Lydia runs off with Mr. Wickham, she puts the family name shredded and doesn't in any event, recognizing the dishonorable thing she had done. The message that Jane Austen is attempting to show is that the Regency Era had such exacting and silly practices, qualities and class disparities. Through utilizing ironical methods she has urged us as perusers to react by loathing the exaggerations of Mrs. Bennet and Lydia, as they help speak to the absurdity of the general public during that period. Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen is a sentimental novel, which difficulties and deri des the period wherein it was composed, the mid nineteenth century. Austen, has utilized ironical language and incongruity as principle abstract procedures, to help structure the thoughts of how she saw the general public. Janeââ¬â¢s point of view was that marriage ought to be for adoration, not money related security, and that economic wellbeing and class; including their jobs, qualities and habits, had an excessively significant influence in characterizing the general public. Through the over misrepresentation of cliché individuals from this period, Austin has effectively set us to decipher the characters, thoughts and messages of the book to her comprehension. As perusers, we are constrained to abhorrence and chuckle at a considerable lot of the characters talked about, as they speak to the negatives of period. Austen has effectively built this novel through these negatives and the positive qualities of Lizzy and Mr. Darcy to guarantee, that the crowd is convinced to feel unequivocally and concur with Austen on the messages that marriage ought not be for social and money related soundness, and that the general public ought not rotate around class and economic wellbeing. triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-53919770696356158342020-08-21T06:27:00.001-07:002020-08-21T06:27:47.625-07:00A Sorting Hat of SortsA Sorting Hat of Sorts Ahh summer. The fresh air. The copious amounts of free time (HA!). The Temporary Housing Assignments. Hard to believe that it was years ago I received my temporary housing assignment (Simmons), and since being at school Ive lived in many different parts of the housing system (West Campus, East Campus, Off-Campus). And from those experiences I think its worth saying that for me at least, where you choose to live can be hugely important for your health and happiness, as well as your academic success. Thankfully the MIT Housing system is designed to give everyone the best chance at being put where theyre happiest. Of course no system is perfect and there are no guarantees, but its flexible enough that most people can end up where they want to be. It all starts with your temporary housing, which actually means practically nothing. Its mostly just a place to put bodies while all the freshmen go out and experience REX (Residence Exploration). REX is where each of the dorms pulls out all the stops that they can to try and showcase their culture and the people who live there so that the freshman can get the best idea of where they want to live. At the end of REX, you can enter the readjustment lottery, where you can re-rank the dorms youd like to live in. Maybe REX changed your ideas, maybe they didnt. But the readjustment lottery tries really hard to maximize everyones preferences through some fancy algorithms and voodoo. I seem to remember that most people get their first or second choice for where they want to live. The key to the whole party though, is to pick a place you feel most connected to the people in. I cant stress that enough. A lot of times, I see students getting charmed by beautiful buildings, nice facilities, bigger rooms, more singles etc (myself included). But none of those things matter if you dont like the people youre living with. Thankfully, with such a wide number of Dorms and FSILGs (more on that in a minute) youre bound to find a group of people with whom you connect. It would be impossible to categorize each dorm concisely and completely, so Ill give you my impressions (thats my blog is for after all right?). Your mileage may vary. Without further adieu, heres my insultingly shallow and biased descriptions of the dorms, each in 144 char. or less! #twitteristakingover : WEST CAMPUS: Many newer dorms. Same side as the student center. Generally considered more tame than East Campus. â"Baker: Largely athletic and social. Lots of normal college kids. Extremely popular choice among freshmen. â"Simmons: New and modern. Unestablished culture and quiet. Lots of nice things, but a bit far from campus and other dorms. Has a Puerto Rican floor. â"McCormick: All women. Former hotel. Dont know much since Im not a woman, but seems to house many international students. â"Next House: I always confuse Next and New. I dont actually know much I can in conscience say about it. Near the end of dorm row. Everyone I know from Next is Asian, but thats not statistically significant. â"MacGregor: Very tall. Has a convenience store which is, well, convenient. For a long time I thought this was a mens only dorm, but thats not true. â"New House: Has several international floors including a french floor, a spanish floor, and an African-American floor known as Chocolate City. â"Burton-Conner: A curious number of bloggers have lived in Burton-Conner. In my admittedly limited experience, the most east of the west dorms. Has a jewish floor. â"Maseeh Hall: Brand-Spanking-New. Choice location next to campus. No experiences to speak of, since this will be the first year its open! EAST CAMPUS: Older side of campus, with lots of heritage and very unique cultures. â"East Campus (EC): Truth be told, probably my favorite dorm. Large number of nerds. Lots of Course VI majors. They build a rollercoaster in their courtyard every year, and theyre super close to most classrooms youll frequent. â"Senior House (Haus): Non-house residents shouldnt spell it like Haus. The oldest dorm on campus. Very accepting of alternative lifestyles. Residents of Senior House seem to have a really strong bond with the place and the other residents. They throw a big party called Steer Roast in the spring. â"Random House: Not near the other East Campus dorms, but more or less aligned culturally. Lots of kids who love deeply nerdy things like LARPing and RPGs. (The games, not the weapons). Their isolation relative to campus tends to make them a tight knit bunch. ??? Campus: â"Bexley: Bexley is crazy. Nuff said. Primo-location for campus. Of course, your experiences will vary greatly from mine, but the most important thing is that you find a place you like to live. Living near people you like and get along with has, for me, made studying easier, and life better. MIT is hard, and having people you care about and who care about you goes a long way in helping you get through it. More questions about dorms? Ask away in the comments! Post Tagged #REX triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-35578203291403462912020-05-24T20:19:00.001-07:002020-05-24T20:19:04.143-07:00The effects of Credit Card limit practices of banks on their financial performance and consumer brand preference A Study of Banks in Karachi - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1231 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? RESEARCH TITLE: à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"The effects of Credit Card limit practices of banks on their financial performance and consumer brand preferenceà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢: Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The effects of Credit Card limit practices of banks on their financial performance and consumer brand preference: A Study of Banks in Karachi" essay for you Create order A Study of Banks in Karachi INTRODUCTION: Many researchers have aimed to find the different levels of customer preferences regarding financial services (Schmidt, Bergsiek Kolesnikova, 2007), (Tarawneh, 2006). Schmidt, Bergsiek and Kolesnikova (2007) have also observed that todayà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s dynamic economy is exposing financial institutions to the increasing competitive forces and performance-oriented pressures. In addition, innovative business ideas and increasing competition increases the challenges for the financial institutions to achieve (Hopkins Hopkins, 1997). Based on these dynamics in the financial service industry (Hopkins Hopkins, 1997), a research study that has been conducted investigated the effects of credit card limits (Ausubel, 1999) on customer brand preference (Schmidt, Bergsiek Kolesnikova, 2007) and bankà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s financial performance (Tarawneh, 2006). In todayà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s time it is very difficult to prejudge the bankà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s credit limit (Feinberg, 2003). In recent years, performance study of banks has received higher attention (Seiford Zhu, 1999). According to the study, bankà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s financial performance includes growth and changeability in the profits of the banks, cash flows and market value of the assets and equity of the financial institutions (Capon, Farley Hoenig, 1990). Moreover, financial institutions lack knowledge about the risk involved with the individual borrower (Dey Mumy, 2005). The goal of this study is to determine customer brand preferences (Schmidt, Bergsiek Kolesnikova, 2007 ) and evaluate bankà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s financial performance (Tarawneh, 2006) based on the factor of credit card limit practices (Dey Mumy, 2005) . This study tries to determine the differences in customer preference in choosing a particular brand (Schmidt, Bergsiek Kolesnikova, 2007) and provide an understanding to what extend financial institutions grow due to the extensive use of credit card limit (Tarawneh, 2006). STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: To study the effects of credit card limits practices of banks on their financial performance and consumer brand preference. MODEL/FRAMEWORK TO BE USED: The Variables on the left side of the Model are treated as a cause of bankà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s financial performance (Tarawneh, 2006) and consumer brand preference (Schmidt, Bergsiek Kolesnikova, 2007) regarding the financial institutions. These variables are taken because no study has been done on such combination in Pakistan. The study will be conducted through testing these variables in the banks of Karachi and through consumers in Karachi to determine the effect of Credit Card limits and practices on the bankà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s financial performance and consumer brand preference. VARIABLE TO BE STUDIED Independent Variable: Credit Card limits practices: Credit Card is a way through which consumers borrow money. By using a credit card, consumers can make purchases without the use of cash (Dey Mumy, 2005). Banks propose a fixed limit to their likely consumers (Dey Mumy, 2005). Dependent Variable: Bankà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s Financial Performance- Bankà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s capacity to conserve on operating expense they incur in constructing their customer and giving customer services (Pastor, Lovell Tulkens 2001). The higher the financial performance, the higher and more improved will be the activities and functions of the institution (Tarawneh, 2006). Consumer Brand Preference- Consumerà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s compliance to give an amount for a brand depends on previous experiences (Bronnenberg Dube, 2010). Consumerà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s choice related to banks according to the frequency of visit to the representative, most preferred modes of communications or services offered by the bank (Chernev, 1997). PROPOSED RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS H1;Higher level of Credit Card Limits has a relation with Bankà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s Financial Performance. H2; Higher level of Credit Card Limits has a relation with Consumer brand Preference. SOURCES OF INFORMATION The sources of information are primary as well as secondary which includes the financial reports of the Banks of Karachi along with the consumers availing the financial institutionà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s services. The study will try to reach to the consumers directly engaged with the service for gaining the best available information regarding the effects of credit card limits and practices. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE AND PROCEDURES The study proposes convenience sampling technique which is a non-probability sampling technique where subjects are selected because of their convenient accessibility and proximity to the researcher. The subjects are selected just because they are easiest to recruit for the study and the researcher did not consider selecting subjects that are representative of the entire population. Convenience based sampling is chosen because of the following reasons: Time limitation Resources Limitation The Sampling procedure would be that the researcher visits the concerned organization decided upon and where ever a manager is found willing to participate he/she will be filling the instrument of data collection. SAMPLE SIZE The Study proposes a sample of 250 Consumers who are either consuming the credit card service or any other services provided by different banks. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE The Survey will be conducted through questionnaires given to the consumers availing bank services to fill out and gather information in order to determine the factor that affects consumerà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s preferences of selecting financial institutions. Then statistical tests will be conducted in order to gather / analyze the results and as far as the procedure is concerned the questionnaires will get filled by getting them filled personally from the consumers of the banks in Karachi. INSTRUMENT/S OF DATA COLLECTION Questionnaires developed will help the study to determine the effect of credit card limits and practices on the bankà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s financial performance and consumer brand preference. Test will be conducted on dependent and independent variables of financial performances of banks and consumer brand preference. The Questionnaire is proposed to have 10 questions, where all the questions are closed ended on the basis of a likert scale. STATISTICAL TESTS TO BE USED Following test would be used to check the variables. Regression To check whether the relation between the variables exist of not. Co-relation To check the magnitude of variables. POSSIBLE RESARCH FINDINGS The research might show the following possible outcomes: Financial Performance of banks has direct relation with the credit limits practices of banks. Consumer Brand Preferences has indirect relation with the credit limits practices of banks. LIST OF REFERNCES Alex Chernev [1997], à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âThe Effect of Common Features on Brand Choice: Moderating Role of Attribute Importanceà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã , Journal of Consumer Research Inc., Vol 23. Bart J. Bronnenberg, Jean Pierre H. Dube Mathew Gentzkow [July 2010], à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âThe Evolution of Brand Preferences: Evidence from Consumer Migrationà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã , University of Chicago and NBER. Jesus T. Pastor, C. A. Knox Lovell and Henry Tulkens [2001], à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âEvaluating the Financial Performance of Bank Branchesà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã , Department of Economics, University of Georgia. Lawrence M. Ausubel [1999], à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âAdverse Selection in the Credit Card Marketà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã , Department of Economics, University of Maryland Lawrence M. Seiford and Joe Zhu [Sept. 1999], à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âProfitability and Marketability of the Top 55 U.S. Commercial Banksà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã , Management Science, Vol 45 No.9, pp 1270-1288. Martina K. Schmidt, Micha Bergsiek and Marina Kolesnikova [2007], à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âCustomer Preference of financial services across the US, Russia and Germanyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã , Journal of International Business and Cultural Studies. Medhat Tarawneh, [2006], à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âA Comparison of Financial Performance in the Banking Sector: Some Evidence from Omani Commercial Banksà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã , International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, Issue 3, Euro Journal Publishing Inc. Noel Capon, John U. Farley, Scott Hoenig [1990], à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âDeterminants of Financial Performanceà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã , Management Science, Vol 36 No.10, pp 1143-1159. Willie E. Hopkins and Shirley A. Hopkins [Sept.1997], à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âStrategic Planning- Financial Performance Relationships in Banks; A Causal Examinationà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã , Strategic Management Journal, Vol 18 No.8 pp 635-652, published by: John Willey Sons. Robert M. Feinberg [Jul., 2003], à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âThe Determinants of Bank Rates in Local Consumer Lending Markets: Comparing Market and Institution-Level Resultsà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã , Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 70, No. 1, pp. 144-156. triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-66656702748444855262020-05-14T03:17:00.001-07:002020-05-14T03:17:13.343-07:00Alive Movie Report Group Dynamics - 3811 Words 1) Baseline Description Early After the Crash The first few days following the crash of the Uruguayan Air Force plane carrying 45 passengers en route to Chile was surely made out to be some of the hardest days throughout what would become an amazing 72 day fight for survival. In the first few days the team had to fight through anxiety, mental instability, chaos, and perhaps the most important barricadeââ¬âthe fight to stay unified, positive and team-orientated. This is what makes it such an amazing story because without the strong team development and commitment, survival would not have been possible. Prior to the announcement that the search party had ceased its efforts, the group was just waiting and depending on the search party to findâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦On the fourth day the team saw the plane that flew by and tipped its wings. This sparked false hope, which led to the storming stage of team development. Everyone believed that they were saved; consequently, they ate and drank what little food and wine they had. Members of the team had broken the rationing guideline and Antonio had to manage the conflict which involved reprimanding the team after they violated the ââ¬Ëteam contractââ¬â¢. The next stage entered was norming. After the search had been called off, Nando created the new goal for the team of getting out of there themselves. Nando and Canessa enhanced team commitment and focus by getting team members to cannibalize. The team then went back to the storming stage of team development. This was reflected by a couple conflicts. First, there was the conflict with the transportation of the batteries and how it wasnââ¬â¢t possible. As well as the conflict of trying to bring the radio to the batteries in the tail and the disagreements of which group members were going to partake in this event. Canessa used a forcing approach to influence the group memberââ¬â¢s participation. Finally, the team had reached the most desirable and effective level of functioning, the performing stage of team development. The three team leaders embarked on an unknown journey to find help. They fostered extraordinary performance and developed a clear mission which involved over the top commitment to the team and theirShow MoreRelatedEssay on Portrayals of John Anderton1095 Words à |à 5 Pagesexists in Philip K. Dickââ¬â¢s famous short story, The Minority Report. 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Most triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-39547393314059121192020-05-06T14:40:00.001-07:002020-05-06T14:40:27.382-07:00Taran And Ero An Excellent Shot With A Bow And Arrow During their southward travels to Camelot, Taran and Ero acted as father and son, they hunted, and Taran discovered his father ââ¬â it still seemed strange to refer to Ero as ââ¬Å"fatherâ⬠in his mind ââ¬â was an excellent shot with a bow and arrow. Taran was a decent shot, too, though Kahl never was. Taran caught himself constantly watching Ero for clues about Taranââ¬â¢s own history and development. Ero had a quirk where he often opened and closed his jaw to loosen it, and Taran had always done the same. But beyond those quirks, it was Eroââ¬â¢s temperament that Taran felt matched his own so closely. Ero was reserved, though humorous around those whom he knew, often shy, and held strong beliefs about the equality and justice. The two were more alike than Taran had ever dreamed. What would have been otherwise a long anadromous trip in biting cold, Taran found himself happier than ever. Every morning he woke, the day seemed full of new possibilities. He was no longer anchored by Kahlââ¬â¢s legacy. He had a father and a betrothed who loved him. This was the happiest he had ever been. Even so, he missed Veerah terribly, but picturing her kisses and erotic touches as he rode soothes the ache. He would be back in her arms and bed soon enough. Meanwhile, he would treasure this time with Ero, as it was unlikely they could ever act as father and son again. They were closing in on the end of a fortnight of travel, and Camelot was a mere two-daysââ¬â¢ ride now. They would arrive early for the wedding and triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-118411861782018752020-05-05T15:47:00.001-07:002020-05-05T15:47:23.874-07:00Extinct Animals Research Essay Example For Students Extinct Animals Research Essay : Woolly Mammoth: We have learned much aboutthe Woolly Mammoth almost more than any other dinosaur that has been identified. Due to the fact that the Woolly Mammoth so closely resembles todays elephants,care for them would most probably require most of the same factors to keep italive. -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-* Copyright DueNow.com Inc. *Category:SciencePaper Title:Extinct Animals Research: Woolly MammothText:We have learned much about the Woolly Mammoth almost more than any otherdinosaur that has been identified. Due to the fact that the Woolly Mammoth soclosely resembles todays elephants, care for them would most probably requiremost of the same factors to keep it alive. Since the Woolly Mammoth has beenextinct for 4000 years, it is difficult to tell exactly what they lived on, butwe can hypothesize. The Woolly Mammoth lived during the Ice Age, so if alive today, it must bekept in a tundra environment. For food, only basic tundra vegetation isnecessary. Due to the thick pelt that the Woolly Mammoth has, any known Ice Agetemperatures would suffice since the thick fur protects the animal in anyextreme temperatures. Large enclosures would not be needed as they would be for a normal elephantsince the Woolly Mammoth is only three meters high. The huge tusks would allowit to scavenge for its own food, so no special feedings would be necessary. Feedings would also be needed on a less frequent basis since the Woolly Mammoth,much like todays camels, keeps under its sloping back a thick layer of blubberas nutrition when food was not needed. The problem in keeping a creature such as the Woolly Mammoth in a zoo- likesurrounding would be poachers. Due to the endangerment of such a magnificentspecies, poachers of pelts and ivory would most certainly be after its hugetusks and thick furs, so it would be necessary to post guards around its cageat all times. A large-scale habitat would be constructed for this creature since, duringthe period it lived, the Pleistocene, there were no restrictions on the placesit could roam to. There was nothing stopping this beast from stomping along towherever it wanted to go. A Woolly Mammoth might find it peculiar to be stuck ina twenty foot ice field with no predators or other animals whatsoever. To solve this problem, it would be possible to include other animals from theWoolly Mammoths time period. -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-75189571343064486452020-04-05T03:32:00.001-07:002020-04-05T03:32:02.658-07:00Anna PavlovaAnna Pavlova Dates: January 31 (February 12 in the new calendar), 1881 - January 23, 1931 Occupation: dancer, Russian ballerinaKnown for: Anna Pavlova is especially remembered for her portrayal of a swan, in The Dying Swan.Also known as: Anna Matveyevna Pavlova or Anna Pavlovna Pavlova Anna Pavlova Biography: Anna Pavlova, born in Russia in 1881, was the daughter of a laundry-woman. Her father may have been a young Jewish soldier and businessman; she took the last name of her mothers later husband who likely adopted her when she was about three years old. When she saw The Sleeping Beauty performed, Anna Pavlova decided to become a dancer, and entered the Imperial Ballet School at ten. She worked very hard there, and on graduation began to perform at the Maryinsky (or Mariinsky) Theatre, debuting on September 19, 1899. In 1907, Anna Pavlova began her first tour, to Moscow, and by 1910 was appearing at the Metropolitan Opera House in America. She settled in England in 1912. When, in 1914, she was traveling through Germany on her way to England when Germany declared war on Russia, her connection to Russia was for all intents broken. For the rest of her life, Anna Pavlova toured the world with her own company and kept a home in London, where her exotic pets were constant company when she was there. Victor Dandrà ©, her manager, was also her companion, and may have been her husband; she herself distracted from clear answers on that. While her contemporary, Isadora Duncan, introduced revolutionary innovations to dance, Anna Pavlova remained largely committed to the classic style. She was known for her daintiness, frailness, lightness and both wittiness and pathos. Her last world tour was in 1928-29 and her last performance in England in 1930. Anna Pavlova appeared in a few silent films: one, The Immortal Swan, she shot in 1924 but it was not shown until after her death it originally toured theaters in 1935-1936 in special showings, then was released more generally in 1956. Anna Pavlova died of pleurisy in the Netherlands in 1931, having refused to have surgery, reportedly declaring, If I cant dance then Id rather be dead. Print Bibliography - Biographies and Dance Histories: Algeranoff. My Years With Pavlova. 1957.Beaumont, Cyril. Anna Pavlova. 1932.Dandrà ©, Victor. Anna Pavlova in Art and Life. 1932.Fonteyn, Margo. Pavlova: Repertoire of a Legend. 1980.Franks, A. H., editor. Pavlova: A Biography. 1956.Kerensky, Oleg. Anna Pavlova. London, 1973.Gaevsky, Vadim. The Russian Ballet - A Russian World: Russian Ballet from Anna Pavlova to Rudolf Nureyev. 1997.Krasovskaya, Vera. Anna Pavlova. 1964.Krasovskaya, Vera. Russian Ballet Theatre at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century vol. 2. 1972.Money, Keith. Anna Pavlova: Her Life and Art. 1982.Lazzarini, John and Roberta. Pavlova. 1980.Magriel, Paul. Pavlova. 1947.Valerian, Svetlov. Anna Pavlova. London, 1930.International Dictionary of Ballet. 1993. Includes an inclusive list of her roles and a more complete bibliography. Print Bibliography - Childrens Books: Anna Pavlova. I Dreamed I Was a Ballerina. Illustrated by Edgar Degas. Ages 4-8.Allman, Barbara. Dance of the Swan: A Story About Anna Pavlova (A Creative Minds Biography). Illustrated by Shelly O. Haas. Ages 4-8.Levine, Ellen. Anna Pavlova: Genius of the Dance. 1995. triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-49795460543222966832020-03-08T17:10:00.001-07:002020-03-08T17:10:04.564-07:00Personality and Leadership EssaysPersonality and Leadership Essays Personality and Leadership Essay Personality and Leadership Essay A Comparing Traits and Skills Theories Impact on Leadership Robert L. Reese Grand Canyon university October 1st, 2014 Introduction In this review (see table 1) two empirical articles were compared, one that reviewed Trait Theory of leadership, and the other that reviewed Skills Theory of leadership. Personality and Leadership: A Qualitative and Quantitative Review, authored by Timothy A. Judge, Joyce E. Bono, Reams lies, and Megan W. Gerhardt conducted quantifiable evaluations of the connection between character traits and Leadership. The rationale of this research study was the existence of unreliable and inadequate results from prior examinations that have, until recently, provided a deficient configuration for categorizing and consolidating qualities. The authors were able to build a strong case based for their approach; by using the five-factor model of personality as a unifying structure to predict relationships between character traits and leadership. Additionally, there were relationships containing several standards were used, because of the apprehension with past personality trait research as to whether comprehensive or precise character traits forecast leadership? The article further investigates the comparative projective power of wide-ranging versus precise measures of these five traits (Timothy A. Judge, 2002). The leadership skills strapless: Leadership skill requirements across organizational levels the authors Troy V. Uniform, Michael A. Champion, Frederick P. Morrison; endeavors to not classify the features of leaders (that has had a varying history of success), but instead focuses attention directly on the job requirements of the leader, as well as the skills it squires, not focusing on the person. A further consideration of the skills required for leadership across an organizations level is examined by Identifying four distinctive classifications of leadership skill requirements that occur across structural levels. According to this article, the requirements for leadership are described as being stratified on one hand, yet a complex of various classifications. As such, skills needed for leadership can be described using a strapless selling the stratification and multifaceted nature of the skills required for leadership and the correlation within The research questions posed by Judge, et. Al (2002) in the research examination of the five-factor model of personality and how this model relates to leadership : 1 What are the associations between personality traits and leadership? 2. ) What is the overall connection among the Big Five character traits and leadership? (the Big Five character traits are defined in this article as: Neurotics, Extroversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness) 3. ) What is the relationship that lower level personality constructs have to leadership? (Timothy A. Judge, 2002) In the research inducted Uniform, et. Al. Several questions were posed in the form of hypotheses: (1) Will the Cognitive, Interpersonal, Business, and Strategic skill categories be empirically distinguishable in relation leadership? (2) How will Leadership skills requirements will vary by skill category such that Cognitive skills will be needed the greatest amount, followed by Interpersonal, Business, and Strategic skills, respectively? (3) Will Cognitive, Interpersonal, Business, and Strategic skill requirements will be positively related to the Jobs level in the organization? How will the skills required in leadership interact within different organizational level? For example: a. Which skill requirements will be more strongly related to organizational level; strategic, cognitive, interpersonal, and/or business skills; b. Will the business skill requirements needed of leaders be more strongly related to organizational level than cognitive or interpersonal skills; and c. Will the interpersonal skill requirements needed for leaders be more strongly related to organizational level than cognitive skills? (Troy V. Uniform, 2007 ). Sample Populations The two articles reviewed used different methods with different characteristics and or qualities, as well as examining two distinctly different theories related to leadership. Judge, et. Al. (2002) samples consisted of 1023 professional employees within international agencies of the United States government. These people were working within five different career fields and encompassed 1 56 different countries.. The organizational positions examined included people that were involved in supervision of the purchasing of goods and services, managing financial endeavors, and negotiating and monitoring contracts. The personnel were selected from different levels within the organization; Juniors with 1-5 years of experience, mid- level with 6-20 years, and seniors with 21+ years (Timothy A. Judge, 2002). In the research conducted by Uniform, et. Al. (2007) an examination 998 plus past studies was conducted. Searches of articles were conducted and this resulted in 1,447 abstracts, 263 Journal articles and 77 dissertations. Of these articles used sixty studies were examined with 73 independent samples in all, which contained 222 associations that were categorized into one or more of the traits. In addition the article, examined 20 studies relating self-esteem or locus of control, together with two of the 60 five-factor model studies. However when research on leadership (before 1950) failed to report the information necessary to obtain a linkage, these were excluded by the current research. Also, the articles omitted studies that defined leadership related to salary level, career success, or the person most liked by peers exclusively. Studies that were included in the examination, were studies defined as representing leader development or leadership effectiveness based on the authors Within the research study Personality and Leadership: A Qualitative and Quantitative Review (2002) Judge et. Al the following results were determined. First, Extroversion showed the most closely related correlation to leadership, then Conscientiousness and then Neurotics. Also, Openness to Experience showed a correlation with leadership but was the weakest correlation of the areas researched. This indicated confidence that the relationship of four of the Big Five traits were distinctive when examined across situations. Finally, Agreeableness presented a moderately weak connection with leadership. However, four characteristics displayed reasonably strong associations with leadership?sociability, dominance, achievement and dependability. Two personality traits, Extroversion and Openness, were significantly predictive of leadership across the criteria studied. Results in the Judge et. Al. (2002) study offers strong evidence in favor of the personality trait method and suggests that research on the characteristics of leadership has evolved (Timothy A. Judge, 2002). In the Uniform, et. Al. Search study of the leadership skill requirements across organizational levels, the results supported the four-factor model of dervish skill requirements and the question presents in Hypothesis number one. Cognitive skills were higher than Business skills although they both showed movement in the predicted directions and were not statistically noteworthy. Thus according to this study, hypothesis two was somewhat supported. Hypothesis three, through the research received full support, because leadership skill requirements increased with organizational level on which the leader was. Results indicated that the relationship between the skill requirements of leadership and organizational bevel was stronger for strategic skills than for interpersonal and cognitive skill requirements, and this provides partial support for hypothesis four (a). Hypothesis four (b) was fully supported within the research by the relationship demonstrated between skill level and organizational level being stronger for business skill requirements than for interpersonal and cognitive skill requirements. Finally, hypothesis four (c) was also completely supported, because the difference between the leadership skill requirements-to-organizational level correlation; was significant for interpersonal and cognitive skill requirements. Finally, Uniform, et. Al. Proposed a hypothetically rich leadership skills order, and tested this hierarchy in a sample of over 1000 lower, middle, and upper level leaders, these results provided support for the model and its key hypotheses (Troy V. Uniform, 2007 Conclusion Within their research study Personality and Leadership: A Qualitative and Quantitative Review (2002) Judge et. L. Searches were conducted for studies on personality traits-to-leadership relationship in two phases; (1) entering the keywords personality and leadership along with each of the Big Five traits in a database, (2) urinals were manually searched that were thought to be particularly relevant, then (3) the database was searched using leadership and 48 other traits such as; self- esteem, locus of control, modesty, and self-control that were known to have been studied as directly related to leadership (Bass, 1990) (Timothy A. Judge, 2002). The article, The leadership skills strapless: Leadership skill requirements across organizational levels by Uniform et. Al. (2007), examines previous conceptualizations of leadership skill requirements and suggests that this can be understood in terms of and (4) Strategic skills (Troy V. Uniform, 2007 The research study of Personality and Leadership: A Qualitative and Quantitative Review (2002) Judge et. Al. Discusses the following limitations. In the review and subsequent research it was found to be important to determine which traits are relevant, as well as why. Within this study these process oriented issues could not be addressed. According to the authors there are many situational reasons that may impact the validity of personality characteristics in actually predicting leadership. A drawback of the meta-analysis within the study was that there may be representative effects on the lower order rats. Specifically, personality traits within a particular Big Five dimension may be differentially connected to leadership across the settings. Judge, et. Al. (2002) point out using the example, that dominance may display greater association with leadership in student settings than in military or government settings (Timothy A. Judge, 2002). In Uniform, et. Al. Research study of the leadership skill necessities across structural levels, limitations were examined by looking toward what would be appropriate for future research. According to the authors future research will have to cake advantage of the conceptual and concrete findings and further experiment with the model in throughout other organizations. Furthermore, future research must refine management development, placement, and selection systems in within different organizations. Finally, other researchers should explore the degree to which these results can be replicated when other information is taken into consideration and determine the impact leadership skill requirements (Troy V. Uniform, 2007 ). References Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass and Goodwills handbook of leadership. New York: Free Press. Timothy A. Judge, J. E. (2002). Personality and Leadership: A Qualitative and Quantitative Review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 765-780. Troy V. Uniform, M. A. (2007 ). The leadership skills strapless: Leadership skill requirements across organizational levels. The Leadership Quarterly, 154-166. Appendix Comparison Matrix Article 1 Article 2 Title/Author(s) Personality and Leadership: A Qualitative and Quantitative Review Authors: Timothy A. Judge, Joyce E. Bono, Reams Lies, and Megan W. Gerhardt The leadership skills strapless: Leadership skill requirements across organizational levels Authors: Troy V. Uniform, Michael A. Champion, Frederick P. Morrison http://library. GU. Deed:2048/login? URL=http://search. Boycotts. Com. Library. GU. Deed: 2048/gin. Asps? Direct=truedb=bthAN=12130448site=eds-livescope=site http:// library. Cue. Deed:2048/login? URL=http://search. Boycotts. Com. Library. GU. Deed:2048/ login. Asps? Direct=truedb=bthAN=24385837site=eds-livescope=site Purpose of the Study What is the authors rationale for selecting this topic? Does he build a strong case? The purpose of this article was to provide a quantitative review of the relationship teen personality and Leadership. The rationale for this study is; the inconsistent and disappointing results from previous reviews are that, until recently, we have lacked a taxonomic structure for classifying and organizing traits. I believe the authors build a strong case based on their approach; they use the five-factor model of personality as an organizing framework to estimate relations between personality and leadership. Furthermore, we estimate relations involving multiple criteria, also because there is much concern in personality research about whether broad or specific personality traits best redirect criteria (Block, 1995; Hough, 1992), they investigate the relative predictive power of broad versus specific measures of The Big Five traits. Focus is shifted from the person holding the Job (I. E. , the leader) to the Job itself. Thus, instead of attempting to identify the characteristics of leaders (which has had a checkered history of success), the focus is squarely on the Job of the leader, and the skills it requires. We seek to further our understanding of leadership skill requirements across organizational levels by identifying four distinct categories of leadership skill acquirement that emerge differentially across organizational levels. Leadership skill requirements are often described as being stratified by organizational level and a complex of multiple categories. As such, leadership skill requirements across organizational levels can be usefully described using a strapless. The term strapless captures the stratified and complex nature of the leadership skill requirements and their relationship with level in the organization. Research Question(s) What question(s) does the author present? They present these as possible questions but not directly as questions: What is the engages between personality and Leadership? What is the overall relationship between the Big Five traits and leadership? Relationship of lower order personality constructs to leadership? Hypotheses: (1) The Cognitive, Interpersonal, Business, and Strategic skill categories will be empirically distinguishable. (2) Leadership skill requirements will vary by skill category such that Business, and Strategic skills, respectively. (3) Cognitive, Interpersonal, Business, and Strategic skill requirements will be positively related to the Jobs level in the organization. 4) Leadership skill requirements will interact with organizational level such that: a. Strategic skill requirements will be more strongly related to organizational level than Cognitive, Interpersonal, and Business skill requirements; b. Business skill requirements will be more strongly related to organizational level than Cognitive or Interpersonal skill requirements; and c. Interpersonal skill requirements will be more strongly related to organizational level than Cognitive skill requirements. Literature Review How is this organized? What are the main themes found in the review? Who are the main authors used? They conducted searches for studies on the personality- leadership relationship in two stages; (1) first entering the keywords personality and leadership and each of the Big Five traits and leadership in the Psychology database, (2) manually searched Journals thought to be particularly relevant, (3) searched the database using leadership and 48 additional traits (e. G. , self-esteem, locus of control, modesty, and self-control) known to have been studied in relationship to leadership (Bass, 1990). Previous conceptualizations of leadership skill requirements (Connelly et al. , 2000; Kananga Miser, 1992; Katz Kahn, 1978; Luau, Newman, Broadening, 1980; Mahoney, Jeered, Carroll, 1965; Integers, 1973; Uniform, Marks, Connelly, Carrot, Ritter-Palmtop, 2000; Carrot, 2001) suggest they can be understood in terms of four general categories: (1) Cognitive skills, (2) Interpersonal skills, (3) Business skills, and (4) Strategic skills. Table 1 summarizes how past research into leadership skill requirements are related to these four categories. Sample Population(s) What group(s) is/are being studied? 998 studies; (2) This search resulted in 1,447 abstracts, (3) the remaining 263 Journal articles and 77 doctoral dissertations, Sixty studies (73 independent samples in all), containing 222 correlations that were classified into one or more of the five-factor traits, met these criteria. Additionally, 20 studies involving self-esteem or locus of control was coded, including two of the 60 five-factor model studies noted above. Early studies on leadership (pre-1950) failed to report the data necessary to obtain a career success, or the person most liked by peers. We also excluded self-reports of leadership. In terms of the criterion, studies were coded as representing leader emergence or leadership effectiveness based on our a priori definitions. The sample consisted of 1023 professional employees working in an international agency of the U. S. Government. These employees were generalists working in five different career specialties in 156 different countries, including the United States. Administrative positions involved overseeing procurement of goods and services, managing financial operations, and negotiating and monitoring contracts with various external groups. The employees were sampled from three levels in the organization that will be offered to as Junior (1-5 years experience), mid-level (6-20 years), and senior (21+ years). Limitations What are the limitations of the study? Why can it only encompass so much? They have a relatively poor idea of not only which traits are relevant, but why. The study could not address these process oriented Issues. There are many situational factors that may moderate the validity of personality in predicting leadership. A limitation of the meta-analysis is that there may be nested representative effects involving the lower order traits. Specifically, traits within a Big Five dimension may be differentially associated with leadership across the study settings. For example, dominance may display greater associations with leadership in student settings than in military or government settings. Future research will take advantage of the conceptual and practical findings and further test the model in other organizations, as well as refine management development, placement, and selection systems in organizations. Future research should explore the extent to which the results replicate when other sources of information are drawn upon to determine the leadership skill Results/ Conclusions What did the author find through the study? Was the original question answered? Correlate of leadership. Conscientiousness and then Neurotics and Openness to Experience displayed the next strongest correlations with leadership. Indicating that we can be confident that the relationship of four of the Big Five traits to leadership is distinguishable from zero across situations. Finally, Agreeableness showed a relatively weak correlation with leadership. Four traits displayed moderately strong correlations with leadership?sociability, dominance, achievement and dependability. Two traits, Extroversion and Openness, were significantly predictive of leadership across the criteria. Results in this study provide strong evidence in favor of the trait approach and suggest that we have come a long way since J. A. Murphy (1941) remarked, Leadership does not reside in the person (p. 674), and Jenkins (1947) concluded, No single trait or group of characteristics has been isolated which sets off the leader from members of his group (up. 74-75). This provides support for the four-factor model of leadership skill requirements and Hypothesis 1 . Cognitive was higher than Business. Other mean differences, although in the predicted direction, were not statistically significant. Thus, Hypothesis 2 was partially supported. Hypothesis 3 received full support. This relationship is illustrated in Fig. 2, which shows that leadership skill requirements increase with organizational level? Results indicate that the relationship between leadership skill requirements and organizational level is stronger for Strategic skill requirements than for Interpersonal and Cognitive skill requirements, providing partial support for Hypothesis AAA. Hypothesis b was fully supported in that the relationship between skill level and organizational level was stronger for Business skill requirements than for Interpersonal and Cognitive skill requirements. Finally, Hypothesis c was also fully supported, as the difference between the leadership skill-organizational level correlation for Interpersonal and Cognitive skill requirements was significant. The paper has proposed a theoretically rich leadership skills hierarchy, and tested that hierarchy in a sample of over 1000 lower, mid, and upper level leaders. Results provide support for the model and its key hypotheses. triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-23614193006035286822020-02-21T07:37:00.001-08:002020-02-21T07:37:02.688-08:00Nasser Speaks Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsNasser Speaks - Assignment Example Everything in this piece of work is mixed up as though one was observing a real life development than in a piece of writing such as in a book which one would expect to be more systematic and follow chapters, and subheadings. An example is when the writer talks about family panning, development in agriculture and the exploitation of natural recourses all in one paragraph and in a manner to suggest that they are all related subjects to the point he is trying to make. One can only assume that that is the way of reasoning within his cultural context where everything is thought of a whole and where everything interacts with everything else in one big complicated whole. That having being said the writer presents solutions to developmental challenges, which are present in Egypt, and gives solutions to them. He also proposes a workable solution to the present day issues of governance which he thinks should mix the past (feudalism) and the present, democracy and the tribal (socialism).In fact what he is proposing is a mix of democratic capitalism with a hint of socialist tendencies. In all this, he does not fail to remind his people and their fellow Arab states of their need to unite and develop for the future in order to consolidate their power as a block through allegiance and economic power. The writer sees the world in two views: the world of the Arab and the others. There is also an attempt at reminding the Arab world of their heritage and the need to fight against imperialists. Although they are not expressly mention, one can deduce from the dialogue that it is western nations. This is because of the need to defend the Arab way of life and their tribal creeds, which have only been threatened by western occupation and civilization. This work therefore comes forth as a personal expression of life in Egypt. The definations, solutions and triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-20476371639175213102020-02-05T06:09:00.001-08:002020-02-05T06:09:02.834-08:00Academic Honesty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsAcademic Honesty - Research Paper Example The present paper has identified that teachers occupy the central position in determining the academic honesty of students because students visualize their teachers as role models for them. This also has a strong relationship with the contemporary business scenario. In an attempt to gain competitive advantage and maximize their profits, many businessmen have opened schools and employed them as a means of business without academic sense and knowledge of what tutors to hire to meet the needs of a particular educational level. In order to inculcate honesty in students, it is imperative that the teachers hired are first checked for the same through properly designed strategies and tests. Often, tutors hired have little emotional association with their profession apart from earning money. Many tutors work only for money and have no long-term plans of setting an ethical base for the prospective citizens of the society through their teaching and moral conduct. Such tutors tend to be forgetf ul of their duties. They tend to miss lectures, come to the class later than the start time, and leave the class earlier than the break-off time. Even if they are fulfilling their duties completely as expected of them, they tend to send a negative signal to many honest students who donââ¬â¢t cheat in the exam by not taking action against those who do cheat in the exam. Many tutors tend to knowingly overlook the act of cheaters for such reasons as lack of courage to stop them, fear of insult by the students and unwillingness to display harsh attitude. Such tutors serve as a potential source of discouragement. triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-67237893400048802572020-01-28T02:33:00.001-08:002020-01-28T02:33:04.383-08:00The Mission of Ben JerrysThe Mission of Ben Jerrys Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield founded Ben Jerrys Homemade Ice Cream in 1978. Back in 1966, when they were working out in a school gym, they both realised that they hated running but loved food. Years later in 1978, Ben had been fired from a series of jobs while Jerry had failed for the second time to get into medical school. So, they decided to do a $5 correspondence course in ice cream making and later opened their first scoop shop in a dilapidated gas station in Burlington, Vermont. They soon became popular in the local community for the best all natural ice cream. By 1979, they began wholesaling pints of ice cream out of Bens VW campervan.Over the years, Ben Jerrys evolved into a socially-oriented, independent-minded industry leader in the super-premium ice cream market.All Ben Jerrys frozen dessert products are being manufactured in the companys three plants located in Vermont. The company distributes ice cream, low fat ice cream, frozen yogurt, sorbet and other novelty produ cts (1). While the majority of corporate managers were under constant pressure to meet their shareholders demands, Ben and Jerry were quite the opposite; they were only interested in short-term gains and large profits. In fact, at first they panicked by their quick business growth, as they thought about severing ties with the fast growing company. They did not place any emphasis on cash, equipment and inventories which are considered to be the tangible assets of the firm. Instead, their focus was on intangible` assets such as reputation, quality of life, joy, social concerns; all of which they considered to be as valuable as material assets- and as Jerry put it ââ¬Ëif its not fun, why do it?. Recently, Unilever, a multinational food and personal products company acquired Ben Jerrys in spring 2000. The Ben Jerrys Board of Directors approved Unilevers worth à £ 230m. Under the terms conditions of the agreement, Ben Jerrys will function separately from Unilevers existing ice cream business. There will be an independent Board of Directors and their main role would be to maintain Ben Jerrys social mission and brand integrity. Both co-founders will keep on working with Ben Jerrys, and the company will continue to be Vermont-based (3).So, although it is under Unilever but it still continues to maintain its individual identity. Ben Jerrys Mission The underlying mission of Ben Jerrys is to search for new and innovative ways of addressing all three parts (social, product and economic), while holding a profound respect for the community of which they are a part and also to the individuals inside and outside the company. Their mission consists of three interrelated parts shown below. ââ¬Å"To operate the company in a way that actively recognizes the central role that business plays in society by initiating innovative ways to improve the quality of life locally, nationally and internationallyâ⬠(2). ââ¬Å"To make, distribute and sell the finest quality all natural ice cream and euphoric concoctions with a continued commitment to incorporating wholesome, natural ingredients and promoting business practices that respect the Earth and the Environmentâ⬠(2). ââ¬Å"To operate the company on a sustainable financial basis of profitable growth, increasing value for the stakeholders and expanding opportunities for development and career growth for the employeesâ⬠(2). There has been an increasing demand for indulgent ââ¬Ëtreats in the British diet. Around à £1.3 billion ice cream market is tapping into this demand with rising sales in luxury and premium ice creams at the expense of standard varieties. About 14million adults buy ice cream as a treat. The growing demand for indulgent desserts has helped grow the sales of ice cream. Since 2007, value sales of ice cream have grown by 8% (4). All these statistics show that Ben Jerrys have great potential in the U.K. market. Strategic Analysis Political factors There had been rumours accusing Ben Jerrys of supporting the defence ofMumia Abu-Jamal, who was convicted in 1982 of killing Philadelphia Police officerDaniel Faulkner. Misunderstanding stemmed from the fact that Ben Cohen, one of the co-founders, joined hundreds of other people in signing a petition in 1995 asking that American justice should be followed fully in the case. Apart from these reports, there had been allegations that Ben Jerrys had introduced an ice cream flavour whose name is connected to this case.As a consequence of this alleged support, the National Fraternal Order of Police had publicly called for a boycott of all Ben Jerrys products (6). Again in 2006, Ben Jerrys had to apologise to Irish consumers for launching a new flavour ââ¬Å"Black and Tanâ⬠evoking their worst days of British military oppression. Black and Tans was the term used for recruiting an irregular force of British ex-servicemen during the Irish war of independence and renowned for their brutality (9). Ben Jerrys were again in news when PETA sent them a letter asking them to use breast milk instead of cows to prevent cruelty to the dairy cows (5). Moreover, ever since Ben Jerrys have been taken over by Unilever, the Vermont firm, famous for donating part of its profits to charity, has been criticised for having changed their commercial focus. Economic factors The high costs related to manufacturing each different unique flavour. Ben Jerrys primary marketing goal is to create products that cannot be reproduced but the technological developments of the company has not allowed them to launch the products within a realistic time limit. It takes them many years to come up with a new different flavour. Even after that there is no surety if the product would be successful or able to penetrate in the market. Not only this, it also gives the competitors a chance to take over their place in the market. Back in 1994 also, sales dropped, profits went down, and the companys stock prices fell to half its value. Cost of sales increased approximately $9.6 million or 9.5% over the same period in 1993, and the overall gross profit as a percentage of net sales decreased from 28.6% in 1993 to 26.2% in 1994. This loss might have been a result of several reasons, such as high administration and selling costs, a negative impact of inventory management, and start up costs associated with certain flavours (8). The company realising its fall in sales, quickly responded to the changes in consumer demands and introduced Ben Jerrys ââ¬ËLite. The line failed miserably. It looked like that Ben Jerry failed to forecast and acknowledge the changes in consumer tastes, and was faced with increasing competition with Haagen-Dazs, which introduced its ââ¬Ëlow-fat Ultra Premium ice-cream. Social factors Partnershops are Ben Jerrys scoop shops that are independently owned and operated by community-based non-profitable organizations. These organizations use the funds generated to train and counsel disenfranchised youth who are in need of a helping hand to get back into the work environment. Other than this, they are working on sustainable dairy farming programme and fair-trade (which is the premium they pay for the ingredients which enables the farmer to take positive steps towards providing basic needs for their families, such as healthcare, education and safe housing) (1). Such efforts had been made to attract over ââ¬Ëlike-minded consumers, however its debatable as in to what extent this will have an impact on appealing the hearts of their consumers. The question then arises as to how much their social unique image gets affected by their consumer behaviour. Environmental factors U.K. experienced poor weather in the summer of 2007 in comparison to that of 2006, with an average temperature of 14.10C compared to 15.80C in 2006. This had a negative effect on the ice cream market, especially in the impulse sector, and value sales went down 1.5% compared to 2006. In the last two years (2008 and 2009), summer temperatures appear to have picked up, reaching approximately 14.70C in 2009 (4). UK Mean seasonal temperature (à °C), 2004-09* January-August Seasons: Winter=Dec-Feb, Spring=Mar-May, Summer=June-Aug, Autumn=Sept-Nov Data are provisional from December 2008 and Winter 2008/09 Source: Met Office/Mintel Technological factors In order to improve the companys infrastructure and with the aim to automate their production to keep up the intense competition, they invested a lot of money in property and equipments in 1994 increasing their long term debts by almost 45%. SWOT analysis Strengths Prestigious, established and recognized brand name and successfully operating in many countries. Ben Jerrys make a yearly contribution of minimum $1.1 million from pre-tax profits to charitable foundation. It also sponsors Partnershops, Ben Jerrys scoop shops, which are operated by non-profitable organizations. These organizations help the disenfranchised youth to get them back in the working environment. They also have a long term partnership with Fairtrade foundation which works toward paying farmers the premium that enables them to fulfil the basic needs of their families. Till now, they have launched four Fairtrade certified ice cream flavours. Product differentiation- the use of natural, good quality ingredient, different flavours and the strategic use of quirky flavour names such as Wavy Gravy, Chubby Hubby, Phish Food and Chunky Monkey gives them a competitive edge over other conventional ice cream products of other companies. Ben Jerrys have also introduced other products like sorbets and frozen yoghurts along with their ice cream range for targeting customers demanding for healthy desserts. Ben Jerrys acquisition by Unilever in 2000 has provided the company with greater financial backing allowing them to be even more productive and socially active in the ice cream business. Thermoacoustic refrigeration- Ben Jerrys company developed the first prototype eco-chilling unit which recycles and re-uses the energy used to maintain the ice surface. Advertising support- introducing flavours with clever names in order to promote them. For example, ââ¬ËYes Pecan referring to the Barack Obamas winning the presidency elections (7), ââ¬ËHubby Hubby in order to support the cause of marriage equality for same-sex couples (11). Weaknesses: Limited target market as Ben Jerrys is a super-premium brand and is seen as a special treat by consumers and depends on their level of indulgence. Too much focus on charity work which has added up to the unnecessary costs and has caused them to neglect the upcoming changes in trends. Lack of professionalism in management and due to their employee oriented approach has made them to suffer a great loss in 1994. In order to fulfil their mission statement of providing consumers with ice creams of innovative flavour, they take a really long time to come up with a new flavour which is absolutely unnecessary as even after that there is no guarantee if the product would be successful in market. In fact, it gives the competitors a chance to take over their market share. High cost involved in transportation as most of their suppliers are scattered throughout the world. For example, nuts from South African rain forests, peaches from Georgia, etc. Opportunities As people are becoming more and more health conscious, Ben Jerrys should launch more variety in fat-free ice creams and even greater range in healthy alternatives like frozen yoghurts. They should work towards globalizing their product to compete effectively in the market. Their geographical reach is limited to North America and Western Europe mainly. Environment friendly freezers- In 2009, they have announced the plans to roll out (Hydrofluorocarbons) HFCs-free freezer which is a major step towards saving the planet as HFCs are one of the major factor responsible for ozone depletion (10). Ben Jerrys are currently working on using bio-gas digester to convert the waste produced during the manufacturing of ice creams into energy (1). Packaging- Ben Jerrys ice cream tubs are presently made from 90% renewable paper stock but to prevent it from leaking, they coat it with polyethylene which makes it difficult to recycle them. So, they should work on making tubs which are fully recyclable. Threats Consumers tend to change their product preferences based on their discretionary income and the extent to which they want to indulge in these fattening dessert products. There are many substitute products available within the desserts and frozen food industry. Therefore, they not only suffer competition from other ice cream brands but also from other desserts such as chocolates, cookies, pies, etc. Slow product development- the duration during which a new flavour is launched is really long which gives competitors a chance to take over the market during that time. Their major competitor is Haagen dazs as can be deduced from the table below which gives the take-home sales from 2007 to 2009 (4). Haagen dazss ââ¬Ëlow fat ultra-premium ice cream range is extremely popular. Moreover, they have a competitive edge over Ben Jerrys as it is geographically more spread than Ben Jerrys as the brand is marketed by two multinational companies- Nestle and General Mills. Take Home sales 2007-09 2007 % 2008 % 2009 % % change à £m à £m à £m 2007-09 Unilever 242 40 263 42 285 43 17.8 Walls (Heart) 116 19 125 20 139 21 20.2 Carte DOr 39 6 44 7 46 7 19.2 Viennetta 30 5 26 4 24 4 -20 Ben Jerrys 36 6 43 7 50 8 38.3 Other 21 3 25 4 26 4 23.3 General Mills Hà ¤agen-Dazs 30 5 38 6 40 6 32.8 Fredericks Dairies 49 8 44 7 46 7 -5.1 RR 55 9 50 8 53 8 -3.4 Skinny Cow 6 1 6 1 7 1 10.7 Other brands 61 10 39 6 40 6 -34.4 Own-label 139 23 156 25 159 24 14.3 Total 606 100 625 100 664 100 9.6 Source: Mintel Recommendations Recent acquisition by Unilever could create a negative image in public which need to be cleared by ensuring them that even after being taken over by Unilever, their missions have not changed and they would continue to produce new innovative flavours of ice creams. They should maintain a balance between their social and product mission. Instead of focussing more on social causes and adding up the unnecessary costs, they should rather study the upcoming change in trends and launch new flavours to maintain or increase their share in the market. Since it is now owned by Unilever, they have the financial support required for them to expand their production globally. They should decrease the duration of product development process so that they can launch a new flavour every month or so to keep the customers engaged on a regular basis. They should continue to implement their recycling programs in order to lower down the production costs. They should develop additional manufacturing plants and distribution centres outside of Vermont to cut down on the transportation costs. They should change the consumer perception of having the ice cream only in summers or spring time to anytime dessert i.e. they should work towards deseasonalising their sales. Conclusion Ben Jerrys even after acquisition by Unilever in 2000 has continued to maintain its own identity. Their strong product differentiation gives them a competitive edge over their competitors. The only need is to expand globally to compete effectively with other brands. The innovation factor in their ice creams distinguishes them from the conventional flavours of other brands. Their efforts in becoming green e.g. by planning to launch environment friendly freezers which would reduce green house gases emission sets them apart from other companies. All they need to do is to remain focussed on their missions with equal emphasis on all of them keeping in mind the customers demands. triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-65869494155411630842020-01-19T22:55:00.001-08:002020-01-19T22:55:02.733-08:00Exploring The Four Ancient Civilizations- Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece anBefore the beginning of history, people from across the land gradually developed numerous cultures, each unique in some ways while the same time having features in common. Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Israel are all important to the history of the world because of religious, social, political and economic development. In the first civilization, both Mesopotamia and Egypt relied on a hunter-gatherer economic system, during that time, every country in the world strived on it. Mesopotamia had rich soil for agriculture, but experiences floods. For the Mesopotamians, these floods would destroy major cities, but for the Egyptians it would keep the soil rich all year long without the damage that the Mesopotamians had experienced. With the rich soil foods were plentiful around the farm lands, which gave both countries the chance to establish largely dense areas, like what we now know as a city-state. The Nile River also served as a defense for the Egyptians they enjoyed centuries of tranquility and peace in which they used to develop peaceful development of their civilization. For the Mesopotamians, this wasnââ¬â¢t the case. Mesopotamian society consisted of classes and social differences. The nobles, free clients of the nobility, commoners and slaves and Slave women all made up the different classes. The men dominated the women in Mesopotamia. The nobles consisted of the king, his family, the chief priests, and high palace officials. The king was a war leader elected by the citizens. He established an army and led it into battle. Kingship was hereditary. Commoners were free citizens. In ancient Egypt, both women and men could act on their own and were responsible for their own actions. In contrast, Mesopotami... ...males much higher. Also, the four ancient civilizations had to overcome the burden of uniting their people under one king. The need of kings to glorify themselves on statues is a testament of their ruling power, Egypt created many statues that displayed their gods, kings and queens. It was the Egyptians that influenced the Greek to create sculptures of their own ruling powers. Other then sculptures, the Egyptians influenced the Greeks to write on surfaces of buildings, it first started with Hieroglyphs then the ancient Greeks improved on writing, they wrote on large sheets of papyrus which lessened time and made recording events easier. With so much in common the real differences lie beneath the surfaces of religion, power, equal rights and education. All four of the ancient civilizations principles can still be found in many modern countries. triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-11956516809298866682020-01-11T19:19:00.001-08:002020-01-11T19:19:04.267-08:00Control Mechanisms in Management EssayThe four control standards the team chose to explore in regard to McDonaldââ¬â¢s are performance, performance vs. standards, corrective action, and reinforce successes. The team will compare and contrast these control mechanisms, and determine the effectiveness of each. The team will also examine the positive and negative reactions to the use of these controls. Performance Standards ââ¬Å"A standard is an expected performance for a given goal or target that establishes a desired performance level, motivates performance, and serves as a benchmark against which actual performance is assessedâ⬠(Bateman, 2009, p. 576). Performance standards relate directly to the success of the company. McDonaldââ¬â¢s has set standards for customer service, and customer satisfaction. The standards are communicated to the employees by the store manager and training manager. Management sets attainable goals to motivate employee performance; he or she communicates these goals clearly, and revaluates these goals. Evaluating Performance Companies should evaluate the performance of employees and management to ensure the goals of the company are achieved. In the past McDonaldââ¬â¢s evaluated their own-operators on a regular basis until the mid-1990s. McDonaldââ¬â¢s discontinued evaluation that resulted in lower customer satisfaction. McDonaldââ¬â¢s reinstated performance evaluations in 2001 to improve customer satisfaction. Today regional managers inspect and evaluate franchises on a regular basis. Forms with standard operation procedures enhance the evaluation process, and this information is input in McDonaldââ¬â¢s database for further review. Todayââ¬â¢s managers can input the evaluation from his or her company PDA. Performance vs. Standards ââ¬Å"The managerial principle of exception states, which control is enhanced by concentrating on the exceptions to, or significant deviation from, the expected result or standard (Bateman, 2009, p. 578). Companies compare the performance of employees by evaluating how well the employee followed the standards or guidelines set by the company. Corrective Action and Reinforce Successes During the work process errors happen and managers should address these problems with his or her employees. Errors happen but managers also see the success of employees meeting or exceeding company goals. Companies should reward employees who meet or exceed the goals of the company. Compare and Contrast McDonaldââ¬â¢s main goal is to develop sustainability. The leaders of McDonaldââ¬â¢s have set standards of financial growth, customer service, product quality and safety, and corporate responsibility and conduct to achieve this main goal. Considering McDonaldââ¬â¢s dominance in the fast-food industry, it is safe to say they have been successful at achieving their performance standards. McDonaldââ¬â¢s has been a success because management takes immense care in measuring their performance, comparing their performance to their standards, and taking corrective action to get their performance on the right track. Management analyzes many reports to measure the companyââ¬â¢s performance, such as customer satisfaction surveys, the annual report and corporate responsibility report, and performance audits. Management also observes their operation to measure performance. From analyzing these performance reports and audits, management can compare performance to their standards, past performance, and goals. For instance, the six-year summary in the 2011 Annual Report shows McDonaldââ¬â¢s earned nearly three billion dollars in total revenue growth between 2010 and 2011 (McDonaldââ¬â¢s, 2011). By comparing performance, management can identify deviations from their standards and goals and make corrections. Initiatives such as Employee Value Proposition, Leadership Development Framework and healthier menu items are examples of corrective action taken to improve performance (McDonaldââ¬â¢s, 2009, pgs. 6 -7). McDonaldââ¬â¢s management can execute these four performance controls successfully by having the drive to improve, building a culture of values, and constantly working toward sustainability (McDonaldââ¬â¢s, 2009, pg. 5). McDonaldââ¬â¢s worldwide success for many decades adds credence to managementââ¬â¢s effectiveness in executing all four performance controls. Determine Effectiveness The four control standards the team chose to explore in regard to McDonaldââ¬â¢s work well together, as is evident by the success of the company. The fast-food industry is hard to be successful in unless the company has the right combination of plans and controls. McDonaldââ¬â¢s is a leader in this field because the company uses just the right amount of each. The McDonaldââ¬â¢s control standards do not act well together unless there are people who make the standards work together. There have been times when some of the control standards have been in need of further guidance. During such times corporate management has had to change some of the ways the controls work. This is to ensure McDonaldââ¬â¢s operates to the best of its abilities for effectiveness. Examine Positive and Negative Reactions From examining McDonaldââ¬â¢s awards and recognition, it appears McDonaldââ¬â¢s has received a very positive reaction to how they use these controls. Such awards include Fortune Magazineââ¬â¢s 2012 number 11 ââ¬Å"Most Admired Company in the World,â⬠Forbes Magazine 2010 ââ¬Å"Most Admired Companies,â⬠2010 ââ¬Å"Corporate Awardâ⬠from the Executive Leadership Council (McDonaldââ¬â¢s, 2012). Internally, McDonaldââ¬â¢s has received positive reaction or at least buy-in, considering their performance and employer awards, to their performance controls, more than likely from their efforts in taking care of their people. McDonaldââ¬â¢s has implemented leadership development and employee value proposition programs, and diversity and inclusion and social responsibility initiatives that have promoted employee satisfaction and trust in the company (McDonaldââ¬â¢s, 2012). Also their business relationship model between their employees, suppliers, and owner/operators has developed strong communication throughout its operation. Although McDonaldââ¬â¢s has been widely successful, they have also failed from time to time. In 2001, University of Michigan rated McDonaldââ¬â¢s as one of the poorest-performing retailers from a year-long customer satisfaction study (Zuber, 2001, P. 1). More recently, ConsumerAffairs.com holds hundreds of consumer complaints of McDonaldââ¬â¢s service, showing that even a successful giant like McDonaldââ¬â¢s still has room for improvement. Controls Affect on Functions The four control standards the team chose to explore are performance, performance vs. standards, and corrective action, and reinforce successes. These controls affect the four functions of management in numerous ways. Pakhare (2011), â⬠Effective and efficient management leads to success, which is the attainment of objectives and goals, that an organization sets for itself. Of course, for achieving the ultimate goal, management needs to work creatively in problem solving and execute all the four functionsâ⬠(Para. 1-12). Since we have a basic understanding of these functions we can see clearly how they are in direct relationship to the control standards we have chosen. With each control standard we see how they closely work with each function. This particular formula is commonplace in many organizations on a global level. The analysis shows that McDonaldââ¬â¢s has a good plan of control mechanisms in place, and good functions of management to support the corporation. This has been a key factor of the corporationââ¬â¢s long success in a business where many do not last long. The company has many beneficial areas to back up why they are one of the worldââ¬â¢s favorite places to eat and probably will continue to be as successful for many years to come. References McDonalds. (2011). 2011 Annual Report. Retrieved from http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/content/dam/AboutMcDonalds/Investors/Investors%202012/2011%20Annual%20Report%20Final.pdf McDonalds. (2012). Awards and Recognition. Retrieved from http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/our_company/awards_and_recognition.html McDonalds. (2012). Our Company. Retrieved from http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/our_company/mcdonalds_system.html McDonalds. (2009). Worldwide Corporate Responsibility Online Report: The values we bring to the table. Retrieved from http://www.mcdonalds.at/presse/maps/McDCSR.pdf Pakhare, J. (2011). Management Concepts ââ¬â The Four Functions of Management. Retrieved from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/management-concepts-the-four-functions-of-management.html Zuber, A. (2001). McD restructures to beef up performance. Retrieved from triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-7152744117277660452020-01-03T15:42:00.001-08:002020-01-03T15:42:03.682-08:00My Journey At The University Of Oklahoma - 980 Words I could hear the sound of something creaking off into the distance. Someone was climbing up the stairs, dragging their feet. Soon after, I heard a knock on my bedroom door. Reluctantly, I pushed myself off of my bed and opened the door. It was my mother, holding a package in her hands. Informing me that it was mine, she handed it to me and walked back down the stairs. Hastily, I opened the seal, excited to see its content. It was this package that contained the acceptance letter that started my journey here at the University of Oklahoma. When I arrived at the University of Oklahoma, I was unsure what to expect in an academic setting. I had so many questions about classmates, professors, and the different terms that were unfamiliar to me. However, after experiencing several discussion sections of varying classes, I developed a better understanding of how language played a role in academics. Although I knew various things about language, it was not until I took English Composition that I was fully able to understand the significance that language plays in education. Because of my experiences at the University of Oklahoma, I now comprehend that, in an academic setting, patience and professionalism are all necessary forms of language that must be used through various interactions in order to fully grasp elements of education that are not written inside of textbooks. With an apprehensive approach, I stepped into my very first discussion section for my Introduction to BusinessShow MoreRelatedHow Does Language Affect The University Of Oklahoma?859 Words à |à 4 Pagesââ¬Å"Hi, Nick! This is Shepard with the University of Oklahoma and I was just giving you a callââ¬âI wanted to first congratulate you. Weââ¬â¢re going to be sending you a contract offer of admissions.â⬠(Shepard). It was this voicemail that started my journey here at the University of Oklahoma. When I arrived at the University of Oklahoma, I was unsure what to expect in an academic setting. However, after experiencing several discussion sections of varying classes, I developed a better understanding of how languageRead MoreReflection Paper On Surgeon905 Words à |à 4 Pagesof being a husband, father of eight, coach, team doctor, chief of surgery, Bariatric surgeon, and finally a trauma surgeon. Dr. Katsis graduated from Oral Roberts University and then went on to attend medical school at the University of Nebraska. After obtaining his Medical Doctorate in 1993, he went to the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences for an internship, before doing his residency at St. Francis Hospital in Tulsa, OK. It was at St. Francis that Dr. Katsis obtained his board certificationRead MoreMy First My Appointment I Essay1027 Words à |à 5 PagesSince I can remember I have always wanted to be an orthodontist. Orthodontist use many different techniques to straighten out teeth. When I went to my first orthodontist appointment I was beyond excited. I was so interested in seeing how they used all of the different tools and equipment. Soon enough I will be called Dr. Danica Brackett D.D.S. (ââ¬Å"Orthodontist :: Job Descriptionâ⬠). Orthodontist have wonderful work environments, unique daily routines, terrific pay, a great future in the work industryRead MoreBenefits Of Being A Radio logist1146 Words à |à 5 Pageswhen I am talking directly to a person in front of me but when I am writing an email I donââ¬â¢t seem to describe things in as much detail as I should. One of the ways to work on this is to ask myself the five Wââ¬â¢s (Who, What, When, Where, Why) when writing my email to someone. To become a radiologist one of the first steps that you must take is to attend college and obtain a bachelor degree in biology or physics. After that, you must take the MCAT and get a good score. Remember that medical school is highlyRead MoreHistory: The Indian Removal Act Essay1108 Words à |à 5 Pagesover their territory. Unfortunately, because they are not under the laws of the constitution, the Indianââ¬â¢s right to court was denied. It was not until 1835 that the Cherokee finally agreed to sign the treaty, giving up their Georgia land for that of Oklahoma. In the same year, President Jackson wrote his seventh annual letter to congress. In the letter, all attempts to improve upon the Indians have failed. Therefore, they must be removed from the part of society that is civilized. Jackson goes on toRead More Moving as a Child Essays999 Words à |à 4 PagesMoving as a Child Some things in life are just meant to happen. Fate brought me to the seat I am sitting at, in this university, miles and miles from where I was born. I never thought I would move. The idea was inconceivable for an eight-year-old girl. Life was an endless cycle of days spent chasing butterflies, catching ladybugs, and blowing apart dandelions while nights were full of stars, crickets, and peace. I have learned since that moment that fate has a different idea in mindRead MoreLearning Bharatnatyam, An Indian Classical Dance Form858 Words à |à 4 PagesAs the music began, I started to move; the pounding of my feet blending in with the melodious sounds of the flute, the ghungaroo(bells) around my ankles, the mridangham (drums), and the blood rushing into my own heart. With the music and my first movements, the fear of being on stage washes away and I am focused on my movements and my expressionsââ¬âusing them to tell a story about my culture, my heritage, and me. Learning Bharatnatyam, an Indian classical dance form, since the age of 5 has taughtRead MoreGarth Brooks Essay742 Words à |à 3 Pagescountry singer of all time. He was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma on February 7, 1962. He was raised in the small town of Yukon with country music in his blood. He was the youngest child in his family that consisted of six children. His Mother, Colleen Carroll, was a Professional country singer while she raised Garth and his five other siblings with her husband, Troyal Carroll. Troyal worked as a engineer for Unocal, an oil company located outside of Oklahoma. (Book, garth brooks) He played guitar and taughtRead MoreMy Experience At The University Of Oklahoma1363 Words à |à 6 Pagesmeaningless. In my mind, hard work is throwing yourself into difficult situations and remaining both dedicated and determined to conquer the task. Although the desired outcome is not always reached, hard work remains an important value that allows us to show our full potenti al. I have been constantly put in tough situations throughout my life and if it were not for my dedication and hard work, I would not have made it to where I am today. Being enrolled at the University of Oklahoma is a huge accomplishmentRead MoreReflection Of A Night Nursing Program Essay1664 Words à |à 7 Pagesfeel absolutely overwhelming and much like a sacrifice. Some will say keep your eye on the prize, just keep going and offer numerous other words of encouragement. Though for some students, particularly in the area of nursing, a choice to endure the journey can feel like quite the road block. Completing prerequisites alone can feel like tackling the biggest mountain for the student. After accomplishing the prerequisites, the student learns that the time has come to apply to the nursing program. Nursing triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-91408063321713418292019-12-26T12:09:00.001-08:002019-12-26T12:09:02.851-08:00Why You Should Quit Smoking Essay - 1150 Words Topic: Smoking in Society Goal: I want to persuade my audience that smoking is a health risk to all of society and that smokers should be encouraged to quit. Thesis: It is imperative for smokers to quit, benefiting society as a whole a well as themselves. Introduction Attention Material: I am from a family where both of my parents dont smoke. There is although a person of my circle who smokes a lot everyday and that is my unlce. All my life I can remember him smoking and trying to quit but never being able to. The only moment in his life when it seemed completely necessary and possible for him to quit was the day he found out he had cancer, but even by then time was running out. He died in March of 2003; At some point in yourâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦A future depends on those that are coming behind us, but with harmful substances already making their way into the lives of youth, a future could be pretty bleak. Transition: Involvement of education and influence are only a step in any direction, the risks involved can be pretty extreme and life altering. II. Not only does smoking affect the smoker, but those whom they share their space with. A. Second hand smoke causes just as many of the same health issues to those around a smoker and as could be produced in the smoker. As reported by the Center for Disease Control, illness from smoking ranges from lung cancer, ischemic heart disease, and chronic airway obstruction as well as shortening a persons lifespan averaging 13.2 years for me and 14.5 years for women (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion). These are risks that many smokers know may just be regurgitated facts, but is not hearing them once more another chance to decide that health is better than a cigarette? Much of the health issues that society deals with today would be greatly decreased if more and more people began to quit smoking. Transition: Prevention can be foundShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay: Quit Smoking1445 Words à |à 6 PagesDevry University Professor Emily Gorman-Fancy April 06,2011 Quit Smoking Today | The Dangers of Smoking Cigarettes | Katie Coomes | Quit smoking today! I tell myself that every day and every day it gets harder. Are you a smoker? Do you know someone who does smoke? If so maybe this is what you need to read on reducing your chances of Heart Disease, Emphysema and Cancer the moment you quit smoking. No matter your gender or age smoking is the leading cause of death for men and women across the countryRead MoreSmoking And Smoking840 Words à |à 4 Pagesinforming the public how bad cigarettes are. Asthma attacks, coughing and getting sick often are some of the illnesses that you will experience as you began to smoke. Your body gets weaker and youââ¬â¢ll start to see more serious illnesses as you progress to smoke for a longer period of time this may lead to many long terms disease and side effects. The lung gets most affected by smoking you may experience lung cancer or even COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000Read MoreMotivation and the Brain1569 Words à |à 7 Pages The process of trying to quit smoking is harder than one could ever imagine. This addiction will have you on a terrible emotional roller coaster where youââ¬â¢ll begin to have mixed emotions about what to do. People already smoke cigarettes for totally diffe rent reasons, such as loosing weight, relieving stress, and to control unwanted feelings. In the beginning your negative emotions will begin to over power the positive. On one hand your intellect knows that smoking cigarettes is a terrible thingRead MoreShould Smoking Be Harmful?882 Words à |à 4 Pagesit is pretty high for something that is deadly. There are poster ads, flyers and TV adds saying to stop smoking or learn how to quit smoking because it can cause Colds, Wheezing, Coughs and asthma as well and that is only the start of smoking. Smoking can be extremely harmful diseases such as lung cancer. 84% of deaths cause by lung cancer comes from smoking cigarettes. Smoking does not help you in any way, it affects your body,. But do people listen to adds they see, not necessarily when they findRead MoreShould cigarette smoking be banned?700 Words à |à 3 Pages Should cigarette smoking be banned? Smoking is an expensive habit. People who smoke cigarettes can spend as much as $2,500 a year on them (Singletary). Smoking is a practice in which a substance, most commonly tobacco or cannabis, is burned and the smoke is tasted or inhaled. The most common method of smoking today is through cigarettes. Cigarettes remain primarily industrially manufactured, but they can be hand-rolled from loose tobacco and paper. Today we are more aware on how bad smoking is forRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Smoking Cigarettes Essay1525 Words à |à 7 PagesSmoking cigarettes can be very harmful to your life with so many health issues, such as heart disease, cancer and emphysema. Some people think itââ¬â¢s not a huge issue smoking cigarettes but itââ¬â¢s a great way to lose ten years of your life. You lose lots of money, a lifetime of health issues, and cause you to have yellowing of the teeth and bad breath .There is way too many health risks involved to start using this drug. Say no to ci garettes you will be healthier in the end then to continue on this wrongfulRead MoreWhy We Smoke Essay1061 Words à |à 5 PagesWhy We Smoke After listening to 2 solid weeks of classroom lecture on all the negative side effects that smoking causes in the human body, I felt somewhat concerned that the habit that I have had for 10 years of my life might be a serious problem to my health, even at this young age. We spent a great deal of time discussing the negative side effects of smoking covering heart disease, cancer, and respiratory failure, but there was very little discussion given to how and why we started smokingRead MoreShould cigarette smoking be banned? Smoking is an expensive habit. People who smoke cigarettes can700 Words à |à 3 Pages Should cigarette smoking be banned? Smoking is an expensive habit. People who smoke cigarettes can spend as much as $2,500 a year on them (Singletary). Smoking is a practice in which a substance, most commonly tobacco or cannabis, is burned and the smoke is tasted or inhaled. The most common method of smoking today is through cigarettes. Cigarettes remain primarily industrially manufactured, but they can be hand-rolled from loose tobacco and paper. Today we are more aware on how bad smoking is forRead MoreSmoking and the Effects of It Essay1185 Words à |à 5 PagesSmoking and the Effects of It Smoking is known as one of the worst habits to break. Most people who start never quit just because it is just too hard to quit or they are just so addicted to the chemicals that the tobacco companies use in their cigarettes and dont see the real problems that smoking can cause. If smoking did the same thing as it did on the outside as it does on the inside, how many people do you think will smoke then? Everyday, about 3,000 teenagers smoke their first cigarette triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-64758059864972384702019-12-18T07:58:00.001-08:002019-12-18T07:58:03.072-08:00Essay on The Recognition of Israel World War II - 1483 Words Recognition of Israel World War II left Europe in ruins and devastated those who lived there, but nobody was more affected than the Jews. When the war ended, the U.S. and other countries revealed to the world the amount of torture and mistreatment the Jews suffered under Nazi control. Many wanted to help these suffering outcasts, so Jewish Zionists suggested the Jews be relocated to Palestine, where they could live in peace away from others(Devine, 1). Britain and President Truman felt sympathetic for the Jews, and decided to help them establish a new Jewish homeland in the Middle East. During the formation of Israel, the U.S. played a big role by establishing a committee, supporting U.N. and Jewish intentions, and recognizing Israel as aâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦He felt compunctious for the Jews, since the United States had denied many desperate Jews citizenship to escape Nazi brutality(Citation, 1). In his efforts to help the Jews, he often got advice from Jewish advisors on the issue. Important Zi onists of the time period such as David Niles, a member of the Jewish Agency, and Max Lowenthal influenced Trumanââ¬â¢s decisions, making him push through plans to give the Jews back the Promise Land. When Israel became a country, he thanked both, referring to Max as a ââ¬Å"benefactor to State of Israelâ⬠and wrote to David ââ¬Å"You have been such a tower of strength for me during the past six years, and I canââ¬â¢t tell you how very much I appreciate itâ⬠(Devine, 1). Trumanââ¬â¢s power as president and support for plans would be crucial to the Jews regaining the Promise Land. Another big supporter of the Jews was Great Britain. In the early 1920ââ¬â¢s, the hatred of Jews was horrific, so the League of Nations decided to intervene and help. In response to the issue, the League put Great Britain in charge of the Mandate for Palestine, which ââ¬Å"was called upon to facilitate the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine-Eretz Israel, or the Land of Israelâ⬠(Citation, 1). Great Britain felt sympathetic for the Jews like the United States, and also supported the idea of giving the Jews back the promise land in return for years of mistreatment. Nonetheless, Arabian citizens of the area complained about the Jewish immigration, and riotsShow MoreRelatedU.S In the Middle East1243 Words à |à 5 Pagesââ¬Å"The United States recognizes the provisional Government as the de facto authority of the new State of Israel.â⬠These are the words of President Harry Truman from a speech he gave shortly after Israel became a recognized nation in 1 948. Consequently, the political leaders of the United States have brought America on a rough journey to the current state of foreign policy and relationship with Israel. Since 1948, the United Statesââ¬â¢ active position in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has seen very littleRead MoreSix Day War Research Paper1457 Words à |à 6 PagesAlliance The United States and Israel developed a strong bond following the latterââ¬â¢s independence and war against the Arabs. Israel became one of the major American allies in the Middle East, and the United States government readily provided extensive economic and military support. The first instance of this support was in 1962, when the Kennedy administration sold Hawk missiles to Israel. Since then, ââ¬Å"over $100 billionâ⬠¦ of military aid and technology transfers to Israelâ⬠¦ over the past half centuryâ⬠Read MoreThe Historical Area Of Israel And Palestine1493 Words à |à 6 PagesThe history of the geographical area substituting Israel and Palestine is one of war and bloodshed. For nearly three millennia people have been fighting over the ââ¬ËHoly Landââ¬â¢ in wars that were religious in their essence. An understanding of the historic background of the area is important to comprehend the present-day reasons for the complexity of the task of conflict resolutio n. The simplified timeline provided below is an attempt to summarise the most important events. Since the Israelitesââ¬â¢ conquestRead MoreHow Canada Remained Independent of Foreign Control but Also Managed to Be a Part of International Decision Making.711 Words à |à 3 Pagesworth. Some of the ways Canada remained independent of foreign control are: When president Reaganââ¬â¢s administration had a project they were trying to get Canada involved in called the Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI, but also referred to as Star Wars). This was a plan to arm satellites that could destroy soviet missiles from space. Not many people believed the plan would work and even if it did there would no longer be balance between the two superpowers, ergo in 1985, Prime Minister Brian MulroneyRead MoreThe Conflict Between Israel And Palestine968 Words à |à 4 PagesAlthough the conflict between Israel and Palestine has been going on for decades and decades, tensions appear to be growing once again due to Israelââ¬â¢s plan of building at least 1,000 housing units in East Jerusalem. Since East Jerusalem has been chosen to be the capital of Palestine, housing Israelis in the eastern part would certainly threaten the viability of the future Palestinian State (Fox News). Seeing that this new conflict has the potential for escalation, Jordan immediately called for anRead MoreIsrael Is A Small Democracy At The Eastern End Of The Mediterranean1349 Words à |à 6 PagesIsrael is a small democracy at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea, with a 2016 population of 8.17 million, of which, 74.8 percent is Jewish; most of the rest of Israel s population is Arab. The term Arab denotes persons descended from tribes inhabiting the Arabian Peninsula or persons speaking the Arabic language. By this definition, there are about 250 million Arabs worldwide, most found in the group of countries occupying North Africa and the western part of the Middle East. Most ArabsRead MoreThe Aftermath Of World War II1562 Words à |à 7 PagesWhile the aftermath of World War II is often referred to as one of the primary creators of deep rooted turmoil in the Middle East region, the effects of the Cold War and the United States often over-zealous battle against communism is just a s much a contributor if not more. The Arab world and the Middle East region were clearly going through quite an extraordinary period throughout World War II and its conclusion, primarily with the creation of most of the states we recognize today and strugglingRead MoreThe United States And The Middle East1245 Words à |à 5 Pagesbe in the best interest of the United States. The importance of Middle Eastern affairs to the United States during the 1960s through the 1980s is apparent with President Richard Nixon and Henry Kissingerââ¬â¢s diplomacy tactics to prevent Arab-Israeli war and lift the Arab oil embargo, President Jimmy Carterââ¬â¢s peace negotiations during the Camp David Accords, and President Ronald Reaganââ¬â¢s administrationââ¬â¢s role in the Iran-Contra Affair. During the early 1970s, President Richard Nixonââ¬â¢s Secretary ofRead More Happy Essay1201 Words à |à 5 PagesHappy Middle East History Jerusalem The conflict in Jerusalem is rooted in religious, political, and historical aspects. As a center for the worlds three major religions, with a history of political divisions and borders, as well as historical claims to the territory, it calls for a peaceful coexistence and sensitive diplomacy which will enable an accepted agreement. Jerusalem is a prize which, for thousands of years, has been fought over. Israeliââ¬â¢s and Palestinians live side-by-side inRead MoreThe Persistence of Imperialism Essay1315 Words à |à 6 PagesImperialism Following World War II, the concrete nature of imperialism, or the subjection of people or groups based on a social, economical, or racial hierarchy, was seemingly in decline. For instance, India and Pakistan had both gained their independence from Britain in 1947 (p.761), and the French, though unwillingly, gave up their colonies in Vietnam (p.754), but with the development of the Cold War there became a need to ideologically separate the free ââ¬Å"First Worldâ⬠, which was made up of western triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-20799484144953730422019-12-10T04:41:00.001-08:002019-12-10T04:41:04.090-08:00Auditing and Assurance Potential Liabilities Question: Describe about the Auditing and Assurance for Potential Liabilities. Answer: Introduction The focus of this report is on the auditors potential liabilities that are owed towards the various stakeholders especially their clients. These have come to the forefront ever since the Global Financial Crisis and the loss to investors due to bankruptcy of a host of companies including giants such as Lehmann Brothers. The underlying concept of auditor liability especially in the wake of global financial crisis has been discussed through the medium of this report. Finally, recommendations have been offered in order to potentially reduce this liability through enactment of proactive measures. Impact of GFC (Global Financial Crisis) The impact of the GFC was widespread and not limited to a particular geography or economy. However, one of the worst sufferers in this crisis were the global financial institutions especially those based in developed nations (Shefrin and Shaw, 2016). This is apparent from the collapse of various global financial firms such as Lehman Brothers, American international group, HBOS and other financial institutions which until then were considered too big to fail. With regards to Lehman Brothers, there were a plethora of contributory reasons to failure including the misconduct on the part of executives, high usage of CDS along with falsification of the financial statements. Additionally, the role of auditor in the failure can also not be undermined since the external auditor at the time i.e. Ernst and Young failed to capture the impact of innovative tools such as 105 Repo to the stakeholders (Leung, Coram Cooper, 2012). Besides, a large UK based banking institution that failed to survive the crisis was HBOS which failed due to companys indulgence in imprudent lending driven more by the future prospects of real estate prices that the innate creditworthiness of the investor. This contributed to the weakening of the balance sheet which was not appropriately captured and reflected by the financial statements of the company thus raising questions regarding auditors conduct (Caanz, 2016). Auditors liabilities under law An external auditor plays a crucial role in ensuring sustainability of financial strength in the organisation as creative accounting is being increasingly used to manage expectations of shareholders. Auditor liabilities refer to the underlying responsibility that audit professionals have towards the company as well as the user base particularly the shareholders (Gay and Simnett, 2012). In order to ensure that the auditors comply with their responsibilities in the best possible manner, there has been an increase in their underlying liabilities in the recent times especially as their role in timely detection of financial jugglery has become clearer. A sound audit tends to faithfully represent the financial position of the company along with the risk associated and ensures that sustainability and stability of business is maintained (Arens et. al., 2013). In common law, liability for auditors can be explained on the basis of incidence of fraud and negligence and hence leads to underperformance with regards to the discharge of fiduciary duties. These liabilities are briefly highlighted below. Negligence liabilities These liabilities tend to arise when the conduct of the auditor is negligent as a result of which the investors tend to suffer damages in terms of losses (Caanz, 2016). The audit professionals need to ensure that professional care is extended to the interests of the organisations and also the users and any negligence in the same implies auditor liability. In such cases, the damage caused to the client and user would be recoverable from the auditor. In the recent times, there has been an increase in these liabilities for the auditors as investors and clients have become more intolerant towards such lapses considering the high stakes involved (Arens et. al., 2013). Criminal and civil offence liabilities The above liabilities tend to arise if the auditor violates the relevant rules and regulation that are in place to ensure that the audit achieves the intended objectives. In case, of violation of the relevant statues that too with intent to commit fraud, criminal offence is deemed to have occurred (Gibson and Fraser, 2014). Thus, when there is misrepresentation of financial statements, the users or any other stakeholder can file a claim for losses. Further, liabilities may also be levied in case the client faces loss on account of material misstatement. There is a contract between the auditor and client and in case of violation of the terms or the level of service not being to the quality standards that are expected, then potential civil liabilities could be brought about on the auditors. This is because they are obliged to discharge their contractual obligations in a faithful manner (Gay Simnett. 2012). Liability of misrepresentations In accordance with tort law, the auditor would be held liable for any error resulting in the auditing especially if the same is misrepresented either intentionally or unintentionally (Davenport Parker, 2014). It is the duty of the auditor to ensure that there is no misrepresentation with regards to the financial statements of the company as the investors along with other stakeholders for decision making tend to rely on the opinion tendered by the auditor. As a result, if the various users tend to suffer a loss which is attributable to the misrepresentation in the financial statements, then liability has to borne by the auditor for the losses assumed by the users (Leung, Coram Cooper, 2012). Proportionate liabilities As per this concept, the liability of the auditors is directly proportional to the quantum of the losses suffered by the shareholder or any other user who relied on the financial statements when taking decision. In Australia, the auditor is held liable for the loss to the shareholder even though in majority of the states, the liability of the auditor is capped at an amount equal to 10x the audit fee paid by the respective client (Caanz, 2016). Auditor liabilities and GFC During the GFC, it was a common sight that financial institutions went bankrupt even though they all had a common feature in the form of audit reports that were unqualified. Clearly, this is a serious issue as it undermines the utility of the auditors report. An unqualified audit report implies a declaration by the auditor with regards to the financial statements being compliant with the relevant accounting standards and also presenting a picture of the organisation that is free from any misstatement (ASIC, 2016). Besides, such an option also implies the agreement of auditor with the accounting policies and norms that are adhered by the given organisation. The importance of this opinion is apparent from the fact that in the event of giving a false or incorrect opinion, the auditor potentially could face criminal proceedings if such an opinion was tendered knowingly (Arens et. al., 2013). This is evident from the class suit that was brought against the auditors (Ernst and Young) after the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers. While acting as the external auditors of Lehman Brothers, Ernst and Young indulged in endorsement of various dubious accounting practices which were misleading as they selectively understated the outstanding liabilities and therefore provided a positive bias to the financial position to the company. The audit firm has to settle the lawsuit by agreeing to make a payment of $ 10 million (Freifeld, 2016). A common feature with most of the financial institutions that went bankrupt during the GFC is that their financial statements did not completely and accurate record the underlying liabilities they had. Also, in the balance sheet of some institutions, the asset value had been purposely inflated. Besides, in order to hide their losses, they used financial jugglery through the use of derivatives. The failure of internal controls was also witnessed with dubio us corporate governance practices being adhered to. There seemed to be a money making cartel going on where right from the senior management to external auditor had a stake at the expense of the owners (Soh and Bennie, 2011). The auditor is bestowed with the duty of ensuring that all the underlying assets and liabilities of the organisation are completely and fairly represented in the financial statements. Non- disclosures of assets and liabilities by the companys management amounts to fraud and same needs to be brought to the notice of the relevant authorities by the external auditor. In case of non-detection of fraud by the auditor, the auditor in order to escape liability needs to prove that there was no quid pro quo relation with the management and also no negligence was observed with regards to deployment of audit strategy and related plan (Gay Simnett, 2012). This was established in the verdict of the Pacific Acceptance Corporation v. Forsyth (1970) 92 WN (NSW) 29 at 65 in which case the judge opined that the liability of the auditor is limited to whether the underlying conduct was negligent or not (Serperlaw, 2016). The auditor at the time of conducting the audit needs to exhibit prudence and ensu re that all the aspects are taken into consideration. In order to opine on whether requisite care was shown by the auditor, Section 50, Corporations Act 2001 is pivotal (Gibson Fraser, 2014). With regards to asset valuation, it is imperative that the auditor must reasonably estimate a set of possible range within which the value should lie and then ascertain if the companys values lies in that range or not. If in the process, the auditor finds uncertainties, then the same is highlighted in the auditor report. In such estimation, it is imperative that the auditor must use his/her experience and professional skill (Caanz, 2016). However, in certain cases, the underlying subjectivity tends to be very high with regards to estimates and hence this situation refers to as the inherent limitations of the process. It is imperative that the auditor must be well verse with the companys business which enables him/her to better understand the potential risks (Leung, Coram Cooper, 2012). However, the auditors scope of work does not merit discussion of the future price of the asset and is limited to opining on the accuracy of the financial statements with regards to capturing the business transactions that have already taken place. The audit quality has been dwindling in the recent times and has been severely questioned. There have been several liquidations and bankruptcies such Allco, Storm Financial , Westpoint etc. that have brought the issue of auditor negligence at the forefront (Cheung Kandiah, 2016). Considering that the suppliers and creditors tend to form relationship with the client based on their financial statements, the insolvency of the company could mean losses to these parties and hence the auditor negligence and inefficiency is directly responsible for their losses (Chung et al., 2010). As per the going concern assumption, it is normally assumed that the business would continue being operational in the future. However, when the company faces potential crunch in liquidity which can lead to companys liquidation, then it is imperative that directors must represent this in the financial statements of the company (Taylor, Tower and Neilson, 2010). As per the relevant Australia Standards of Auditing, the auditor must review such assessment on the part of directors and ensure that the same is captured in the audit report so that the users are aware of any potential uncertainty with regards to going concern status (Xu et al., 2013). In the event that the directors fail in their duty of issuing a correct assessment about the same, then the auditor must give an adverse audit opinion rather than giving an unqualified opinion. However, if the auditor does not capture any material uncertainty with regards to going concern in the audit report, then there is negligence on the part of the auditor. With regards to ascertaining auditor liability in wake of financial crisis, the court would consider whether the auditor had information about the material uncertainties with regards to going concern and left them unreported (Arens et. al., 2013). Additionally, considering the key role that internal control systems play in ensuring that financial statements are correct and complete, the auditor must also opine on the effectiveness of internal controls and offers pragmatic suggestions on strengthening the same. This has assumed immense importance in the aftermath of GFC where the weak internal control was one of the major reasons for exposure to risky investments and lack of prudence in extending money to investors (Taylor, Tower and Neilson, 2010). It is imperative that enough emphasis must be laid on the internal controls which act as a first line of defence even before the auditor pitches in (Azim, 2012). An example of a case where the inherent business risk led to the downfall of the company is Storm Financial. The company acted as a financial planner for the various clients it had. It provided them an advice whereby they should assume more debt and in the process the company ended up maximising its own fees. However, the underlying risk that the investors are assuming by exposure to these securities was not advised to the clients. As a result, the clients lost huge amount of money which the company could ill afford to pay and eventually the company collapsed (Washington, 2016). Recommendations It has been observed that the liquidation of companies is on the rise and in this the role of auditor is usually found to be significant. With regards to managing the resultant auditor liability, it is recommended that internal audit systems must be strengthened in the organisations so as to minimise the overall risk of misstatement. Besides, sound corporate governance norms should also be obeyed by the companies which would ensure that the powers of top management would be kept in check by the presence of non-executive directors (Caanz, 2016). Further, businesses on their part should assure that they do not resort to overly risky business practices which put a question mark over the going concern of the firm. Simultaneously, the auditors on their part need to more proactive with regards to highlighting these potential dangers in a proactive manner so that interests of the users are safeguarded. Also, there is a need for improvement in the auditing standards along with the ethical co nduct of the auditors especially at a time when the profession is facing credibility woes (Gay Simnett, 2012). Besides, going forward it is also advisable that proportionate liability must be adopted going ahead instead of capping the liability at a particular amount. This would ensure that the incidence of malpractices on the end of the auditors would undergo a reduction. Besides, in wake of the complex business models and financial products, it is imperative that the audit professionals continuously update their skills so that the relevance of the profession continues and the auditor is able to actually understand the high the various risks associated with the business of the client (Arens et. al., 2013). References Arens, A., Best, P., Shailer, G. Fiedler, I. 2013. Auditing, Assurance Services and Ethics in Australia, 2nd eds., Pearson Australia, Sydney ASIC 2016, Financial Reports. Available at: https://asic.gov.au/regulatory-resources/financial-reporting-and-audit/preparers-of-financial-reports/financial-reports/ (Accessed: 8 September 2016). Azim, M 2012, Corporate Governance Mechanisms And Their Impact On Company Performance: A Structural Equation Model Analysis, Australian Journal Of Management, Available online from https://aum.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/07/30/0312896212451032.abstract (Accessed on 17 September 2016). Caanz, S 2016, Auditing And Assurance Handbook 2016 Australia, 3rd eds., John Wiley Sons, Sydney Chung, J, Farrar, J , Puri, P Thorne, L 2010, Auditor Liability To Third Parties After Sarbanes-Oxley: An International Comparison Of Regulatory And Legal Reforms, Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Vol.19, No.1, pp. 6678 Cheung, J Kandiah, S 2016, Audit Negligence: Who Is To Blame When It All Goes Wrong, Kordamentha Website, Available online from https://www.kordamentha.com/docs/for-publications/issue2011-04-auditnegligence.pdf?Status=Master (Accessed on 17September 2016). Davenport, S Parker, D 2014, Business and Law in Australia, 2nd eds., LexisNexis Publications, Sydney Gay, G. Simnett, R. 2012, Auditing and Assurance Services in Australia, 5th eds., McGraw-Hill Education, Sydney Freifeld, K 2016, Ernst and Young Settles With N.Y. For $ 10 Million Over Lehman Auditing. Reuters Website, Available online from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ernst-lehman-bros-idUSKBN0N61SM20150415 (Accessed on 17 September 2016). Gibson, A Fraser, D 2014. Business Law, 8th eds., Pearson Publications, Sydney Leung, P, Coram, P Cooper, BJ 2012, Modern Auditing and Assurance Services. 4th eds., John Wiley and Sons, New York Serperlaw (2016) Liability Of Auditors In The Common Law System: Australian Position. Available online from https://www.serperlaw.com/about-us/publications-and-articles/liability-of-auditors (Accessed on 17 September 2016) Shefrin, H Shaw, L 2016, The Global Financial Crisis and its Aftermath: Hidden Factors in the Meltdown. 4th eds., Oxford University Press, London Soh, D Bennie, N 2011, The Internal Audit Function: Perceptions Of Internal Audit Roles, Effectiveness And Evaluation,Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 26, No. 7, pp. 605 622, 11 Taylor, G, Tower, G Neilson, J 2010, Corporate Communication Of Financial Risk,Accounting Finance,vol. 50, no. 2, pp.417-446 Washington, S 2016, Collapse Of Financial Planner Was Inevitable. Sydney Morning Herald, Available online from https://www.smh.com.au/business/collapse-of-financial-planner-was-inevitable-20100527-whtv.html (Accessed on 17 September 2016). Xu, Y, Carson, E, Fargher, N Jiang, I 2013, Responses By Australian Auditors To The Global Financial Crisis, Accounting And Finance , vol. 53, no.1, pp. 301338 triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-64327992872954797502019-12-02T16:22:00.001-08:002019-12-02T16:22:03.414-08:00Letter to the Phillipians an Example of the Topic Literature Essays byLetter to the Phillipians Philippi was the Macedonian city established by Phillip II, the father of Alexander the Great. When the city came under Roman control, Paul is credited to have established the Church there. He reportedly made three visits to Philippi and thus developed a special attachment for the Church of the great city. The Letter is written by Paul to the Christians of Philippi and sets out some of the noblest thoughts in Christianity, joy, humility and spiritual stability. (MacArthur. MacArthur. 2001). Need essay sample on "Letter to the Phillipians" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed It is undoubtedly the most profound epistle in the Bible. Though it is short, only four chapters and 104 verses, it covers some of the most significant issues in life, overcoming the drudgery of suffering, seeking joy, the eternal boon that comes about through humility and the ultimate salvation for any human being, spiritual stability. The Letter to the Philippians is also known as the Epistle of Joy. A number of issues would have been missing in the Bible had it been left out. Firstly is its fine message of humility, joy, spiritual stability and contentment. The practical message by Paul to the Philippians to strive through suffering for there is ultimate joy has been very aptly covered in the Epistle which too would have been missing. The link of Christianity with the people of Greece and the struggle by the people of ancient Greece to uphold the tenets of Christianity would also have been missing without the Letters. The occasion for writing the letter is most certainly an acknowledgement for the gift of money received by Paul from the Philippians sent through Epaphroditus. He also desired to inform them of his concern for their welfare and assure them that though imprisoned, he would continue to spread the message of God. It was thus a means of reassurance for the Philippians as well as a grateful acknowledgement of their consideration for him as well as the work of God in general through their contributions. The Church at Philippi was undergoing a turbulent period. While it appears that it was financially quite stable and had been providing monetary support to Paul during his journeys and at other times for which he had been frequently applauding them, they were under pressure from other religions in Philippi, particularly Judaism as is evident from Paul's references to circumcision in the Letter. (Wilson, 2006). The purpose for the Letter thus is manifold, one could possibly be to recommend Epaphroditus to the Philippians who had come to help Paul in prison but had fallen ill, and another could be to reassure them of his welfare. The sustenance of belief in Christ was another salient reason as it was quite evident that the Philippians were under pressure from other religions to embrace their practices and beliefs. The final intention was to provide them stability amidst strife. Paul went about explaining these issues to the Philippians in a generic manner so as to provide encouragement and inspiration in a life full of anxiety, struggle and fear. (Wilson, 2006). The most important lesson that Paul's letter to the Philippians provides is how to live a life of joy and happiness in a World despite periods of despair, depression and dissatisfaction. Paul provides us a guiding light to bring joy in our life which comes about not by any chance or circumstances, but through a deep confidence in our own selves, faith in God and belief in the virtues of Christianity and finally in the persona of the Lord. This enables us to live through misery with equanimity. (MacArthur. The Epistle of Joy. 1997). Through this creation of joy within ourselves, comes spiritual stability which is a lesson which we should imbibe, one which will provide us the resolve to live through the many travesties of life and living. This will enable me to proceed with life without rancor or cynicism, taking the good and the bad in the same stride. (MacArthur. Spiritual Stability. 1997). Thus there will be no pressure, no compromise, no lure of the lucre or hedonist pleasures of carnality, dilemmas which modern life seems to impose on us constantly. This will inspire me to a life of integrity, develop my character and instill solidity. A combination of the feeling of joy and spiritual stability will provide the ultimate, contentment. (MacArthur. Secret of Contentment, 1997). These are the certainly the most significant lessons of the Letter to the Philippians. Works Cited MacArthur, John. MacArthur, John F. 2001. Philippians. Moody. Wilson, Dr Ralph F. ND. Introduction to Philippians. (11 July 2006). MacArthur, John. 1997. The Epistle of Joy. MacArthur, John. 1997. Spiritual Stability. MacArthur, John. The Secret of Contentment--Part 1. triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-15381316583144036842019-11-27T04:51:00.001-08:002019-11-27T04:51:05.547-08:00How to Become a Health Information TechnicianHow to Become a Health Information Technician It used to be that when youââ¬â¢d walk into a doctorââ¬â¢s office, behind the desk thereââ¬â¢d be shelves and shelves of bulky patient files, organized alphabetically with neat color-coded tabs. The busier the office, the bigger and more packed those rows of shelves would be. As we move toward a more digital life in general, medical records are following suit- healthcare providers and hospitals are moving patient data off the shelves and into secure databases. These changes call for health information technicians who manage the transition to electronic medical records and maintain the crucial information on a daily basis. Day-to-Day of the JobHealth information technicians organize, analyze, and maintain patient health information on an ongoing basis. This includes patient background information, information about in-office procedures and tests, and treatment plans. The health information technician is responsible for updating and coding this information in different systems , often using different medical vocabularies and classification systems to make sure that the information is everywhere it needs to be accessible to doctors, nurses, other medical professionals as appropriate, and billing systems. Above all, this info needs to be accurate and secure. (If your personal motto is, ââ¬Å"close enough,â⬠then this career path may not be for you.)This administrative position is typically a 9-to-5 kind of job, with potential overtime in some cases (especially in hospitals or urgent care centers). Health information technicians usually work in hospitals or medical practices, healthcare agencies, and a variety of medical office settings.Job RequirementsThis job typically requires a high school degree at minimum, with an associateââ¬â¢s degree preferred in many cases. Many health information professionals opt for certifications such as the Registered Health Information Technician (RHIT) and Registered Health Information Administrator (RHIA), which bo th require passing a national exam. Certification requirements can depend on location, so be sure to read up on your own stateââ¬â¢s rules.Skills Youââ¬â¢ll NeedBeing a health information technician pulls a number of different skills together, such as strong organizational skills, technical savvy, and the ability to handle confidential data. Attention to detail is essential, as incorrect information can have major consequences for patient healthcare. A background in information technology can be helpful, as is basic knowledge of finance or medical billing. Also, medical environments are often hectic and fast-paced, so candidates should be prepared to work in a variety of conditions.Pay to ExpectPer the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median salary of health information technicians is $35,900.The OutlookHealthcare careers are undoubtedly hot right now. The BLS expects that the demand for health information technicians will grow by 15% by 2022, which is much faster th an average. As more and more medical offices make the switch to digital records, this particular area will be one of the biggest growth areas in the medical administration world. triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-72282505468975207502019-11-23T12:25:00.001-08:002019-11-23T12:25:04.806-08:0012 requisitos para patrocinio de visa niñera para EE.UU12 requisitos para patrocinio de visa nià ±era para EE.UU Trabajar como nià ±era (au pair) en Estados Unidos requiere seguir unas directrices estrictas establecidas por el gobierno para sacar la visa J-1 para ese programa especà fico. Adems, las agencias autorizadas para contratar extranjeros para esa posicià ³n pueden establecer sus propias preferencias. En este artà culo se informa sobre los requisitos legales y tambià ©n sobre los que habitualmente piden las agencias autorizadas para contratar. Adems, se mencionan otras programas alternativos pensados para jà ³venes extranjeros que quieren pasar una temporada corta en Estados Unidos aprendiendo inglà ©s y disfrutando la experiencia americana. Puntos clave La visa para nià ±eras extranjeras es la J-1, programa de au-pairSolamente agencias autorizadas por el gobierno de EE.UU. pueden patrocinar la visaAunque se habla de nià ±era, lo cierto es que se puede ser mujer o varà ³nEl tiempo mà nimo de estancia en EE.UU. es de un aà ±o y el mximo de 2. 8 requisitos legales de visa J-1 para trabajar de nià ±era en EE.UU. Para poder aplicar con à ©xito para una visa J-1 en el programa especà fico para nià ±eras es obligatorio cumplir con requisitos de edad, estudios y experiencia. Los principales son los ocho siguientes: Tener entre 18 y 26 aà ±os de edad, gozar de buena salud, no tener rà ©cord criminal y haber completado, como mà nimo, los estudios de secundaria. Adems, es necesario poder demostrar experiencia de al menos 200 horas de trabajo cuidando nià ±os. La manera de probarlo admite muchas variantes, desde haber trabajado en una escuela o guarderà a a tener muchos hermanos pequeà ±os o participar como voluntario en campamentos infantiles, escuelas dominicales, etc. Tambià ©n se exige no haber estado previamente en Estados Unidos como au pair, es decir, nià ±era. Asimismo, es necesario entender y hablar, como mà nimo, un inglà ©s de nivel intermedio. Finalmente, las reglas de esta visa exige a los candidatos comprometerse a vivir con una familia estadounidense un mà nimo de un aà ±o. Este periodo se puede extender por tres, seis o doce meses. 4 requisitos de las agencias para patrocinar la visa de nià ±era Estos requisitos son obligatorios, desde un punto de vista legal, pero lo cierto es que para las agencias es mucho ms fcil colocar en una familia a una au pair que los reà ºna y, por lo tanto, suelen pedirlos. Entre los ms frecuentes destacan los siguientes: En primer lugar, ser mujer. Es un hecho, las familias prefieren a una muchacha antes que a un varà ³n para trabajar en sus casas cuidando de los nià ±os. En segundo lugar, tener licencia de manejar. Hay que tener en cuenta que en muchà simos lugares de Estados Unidos el transporte pà ºblico puede ser inexistente y que las distancias son enormes. Facilita mucho la contratacià ³n el saber que una persona sabe manejar. En tercer lugar, ser flexible en cuanto al rea geogrfica en la que se quiere vivir y tambià ©n en relacià ³n al nà ºmero de hijos que debe tener la familia de acogida. Una au pair que quiera ser contratada en zonas muy populares como California o Nueva York y en casas con un sà ³lo menor puede tener ms dificultades a la hora de encontrar una familia. Y, en cuarto lugar, no fumar. Estos son los Estados Unidos de Amà ©rica. Va a ser realmente difà cil y tomar su tiempo antes de que se encuentre a una familia dispuesta a contratar a una nià ±era fumadora. A tener muy en cuenta para evitar problemas migratorios Para los extranjeros sin papeles para trabajar en EE.UU. sà ³lo es posible pasar una temporada como au pair en Estados Unidos participando en el programa a travà ©s de agencias autorizadas por el gobierno. Si hay una familia dispuesta a patrocinar a una extranjera como nià ±era, la familia deber hablar con una agencia autorizada para patrocinar visas J-1 de au-pair y el papeleo debe hacerse a travà ©s de ellas. En otras palabras, una familia estadounidense no puede patrocinar directamente una visa J-1 de esta categorà a. Para asegurarse de que se trata con una agencia legà tima y que no se est ante un caso de fraude, se recomienda verificar que est incluida en el listado de la pgina oficial del Departamento de Estado para estos efectos. Si es una agencia ubicada en fuera de los Estados Unidos, verificar para quà © agencia autorizada en Estados Unidos est trabajando. Las au pairs recibirn una visa J, que son de intercambio. Debern respetar sus caracterà sticas generales que aplican a todos los programas incluidos en esa categorà a de visa.à Adems, para recibir la visa no es suficiente con tener en mano la oferta de la familia y la intervencià ³n de la agencia autorizada. Si se es inelegible o inadmisible para recibir la visa, la peticià ³n de esta ser negada por el oficial consular. Por à ºltimo, se recomienda encarecidamente no mentir sobre los conocimientos de inglà ©s. En el momento de la entrevista en la Embajada o consulado se determinar si realmente se tiene el nivel de inglà ©s requerido. Si no se tiene, la visa ser denegada, el dinero de la aplicacià ³n no se regresa y la mentira quedar en el rà ©cord de la solicitante para las autoridades consulares y migratorias de Estados Unidos. Opciones a la visa de nià ±era Los jà ³venes de otros paà ses que desean pasar una temporada en Estados Unidos trabajando y aprendiendo inglà ©s pueden optar a distintos tipos de programas dentro de la categorà a de visas J-1, por ejemplo: Prcticas o pasantà as en una ONG.Estudiante de high school durante un aà ±o acadà ©mico completoPrcticas profesionalesVisa para trabajar y viajar en veranoTrabajo en un Summer Campà como staff de un campamento de verano. Este es un artà culo informativo. No es asesorà a legal. triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-8316200981900584912019-11-21T04:59:00.001-08:002019-11-21T04:59:09.947-08:00Bilingualism Course Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsBilingualism Course - Essay Example According to the research findings, having Adequate knowledge of ââ¬Å"Bilingualismâ⬠will help to improve in the field of second language acquisition and offer necessary assistance and guidance regarding issues such as the need for a suitable learning environment and excellent effective materials for learners. The researcher enrolled in this course ââ¬Å"Bilingualismâ⬠thinking that with the sole purpose of it was only some additional adding some bonus credits that he should take to graduate to his graduation course. This thought, however, lasted for only one week, i.e. the first week of the semester. What the researcher did not know was that how much the amount of knowledge he will was to gain from that class. Before Prior to enrolling in this course, the author did not realize that had very little or no realization about the fact that bilingualism is one of the crucial topics that a second/foreign language teacher should must know about and the numerous benefits one ca n earn, in terms of career, by gaining and have a better understanding of the subject in order to do well in her/his career. This course has totally completely transformed the authorââ¬â¢s perception about bilingualism changed his view to Bilingualism. It has created The researcher now have a newfound appreciation for the course and/or this subject, as well as extensive knowledge about bilingualism which will help, in the future, to while dealing with classes that have to comprise of monolingual, bilingual and multilingual learners. This class course has not only helped the author develop as a teacher, but it has allowed him to become more knowledgeable and confident in teaching English as a second language. This class has provided the narrator with various useful information through various activities such as class participation, writing journal, critical review, group discussion and Robyn`s presentation. One of the crucial parts most vital aspects of being a student is to parti cipate in the class, ask questions and give share opinions. triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-45724495759407420372019-11-20T00:24:00.001-08:002019-11-20T00:24:03.137-08:00Marketing paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1Marketing paper - Essay Example r constrà °ints - technicà °l (economic) à °nd ethicà °l (socià °l) - creà °te the trà °nsà °ctions or flows which resolve mà °rket sepà °rà °tions à °nd result in exchà °nge à °nd consumption (Bà °rtles). My concept of mà °rketing is close to the definition by CIM thà °t looks not only à °t identifying customer needs, but à °lso sà °tisfying them (short-term) à °nd à °nticipà °ting them in the future (long-term retention). In its most generic form, I define mà °rketing à °s mà °rketing seen à °s relà °tionships, networks à °nd interà °ction or mà °rketing bà °sed on interà °ction within à ° network of relà °tionships. In the broà °dest sense of mà °rketing, à °ll mà °nà °gement, the whole society, à °nd even life itself, form networks of relà °tionships within which we interà °ct in our roles of business executives, employees, consumers, citizens à °nd humà °n beings. Collà °borà °tion. The core contribution from mà °rketing is its emphà °sis on collà °borà °tion. In à ° nà °rrow sense it comprises the collà °borà °tion between customer à °nd supplier. This hà °s à °lwà °ys been à ° prà °cticà °l necessity for services à °nd for the development, production, mà °rketing à °nd purchà °sing of complex products in business mà °rketing. Its prà °ctice, however, is often unprofessionà °l à °nd guided by legà °l-bureà °ucrà °tic và °lues à °nd là °ck of empà °thy. Its introduction in theory à °nd educà °tion is long overdue. Todà °y, severà °l sources independent of relà °tionship mà °rketing stress collà °borà °tion. Collà °borà °tion is the very reà °son for forming à °n orgà °nizà °tion; you collà °borà °te inside à °nd compete outside. In totà °l relà °tionship mà °rketing you both collà °borà °te à °nd compete, inside à °s well à °s outside the orgà °nizà °tion. Long relà °tionships. à series of studies clà °im thà °t the longer the relà °tionship with à ° customer, the higher the profit will be. This is primà °rily due to two effects of customer loyà °lty: reduced mà °rketing costs when fewer customers defect; à °nd increà °sed ââ¬Ëcustomer shà °reââ¬â¢ or ââ¬Ëshà °re of triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-91877193666329856002019-11-17T12:55:00.001-08:002019-11-17T12:55:06.487-08:00Identify Leadership Style Essay Example for Free Identify Leadership Style Essay As a leader, it sometimes takes a step back to look at oneself to realize what type of leader you are to understand your strengths and weaknesses, so you can lead an effective team to success. After lots of leadership quizs and readings, my leadership style is participative (Democratic) with an emphasis on the consensus view. ââ¬Å"A participative leader seeks to involve other people in the process, possibly including subordinates, peers, superiors and other stakeholders. Often, however, as it is within the managers whim to give or deny control to his or her subordinates, most participative activity is within the immediate team (Tannenbaum and Schmitt, 1958). â⬠Some of the characteristics of the participative leader and that of myself are: creating an atmosphere were creativity is wanted and rewarded, engaging in the group decision making process and while keeping the final say over decisions, allowing members to share ideas and thoughts. A1a: Two Strengths Using the participative leadership style gives me the most advantages when working and making decisions in a group. The main two strengths of my leadership style (participative) is: Empowerment and Better Team Decisions.à Empowerment: as defined by Dictionary.com, ââ¬Å"v.to give power or authority; to authorize, especially by official means. To enable or permit (Dictionary.com, 2014).â⬠How does it feel when you feel like you have a say in a group or team? You feel valued. I enjoy allowing my team to feel valued and employ their decisions to make for the best decision possible. The feeling that group members get from participating makes the final decision accepted much more. Personally, when team members have input in the final goal, they feel responsible and take it much more seriously. Better Team Decisions: Since I dont know all the answers, isnt it better crucial to have lots of people helping find the answers. In my leadership style, since we have lots of people brain-storming on ideas, it makes for better team decisions. When a tough decision is ahead, its critical to have others helping make decisions. Employees input is invaluable in a group participating setting. When I allow others to help make decisions, the quality of those decisions will only increase. A1b: Two Weaknesses With this effective leadership style brings some cons. One of the cons of this style of leadership is time restrictions. When the team is liberated into making decisions, it takes awhile to come to great group decision. This type of leadership allows lots of discussions and hearing everyones opinions, which in-turn slows down the whole process. This style is a slower process, but the pro of making the best decision outweighs the con. The second con for this leadership style is that there can usually only be one decision and we as a team/group can not use everyones opinion or decision. This can cause some team members to become upset or heated, but can be avoided with a good leader leading the discussions. When allowing this style to be in a group, the group must come to a consensus in agreeing on the best decision and all parties must agree with whatever outcome is chosen. A2: Compare against two other styles Lets look at two other leadership styles and compare them to the participative leadership style. Authoritative (autocratic) which is a style that has clear expectations and usually makes decisions with little input from the team/group. In this style, the group makes fast decisions and the leader is usually the most knowledgeable team-member in the group Some similarities are that when theà team is in a bind or time is no longer of essence, the team leader must make an autocratic decision for the betterment of the group. The contributions of the team will be much lower than that of my participative style. Delegative (Laissez-Faire) is the opposite of the autocratic style in that there is little or no team guidance and the team is left to make all the decisions. This style is the least productive style because it offers no structure. The group is more likely to demand a lot from the leader and usually will not work independently. This style is used when all team members are over-qualified in the area of expertise, but also leads to lack of motivation for the group. The participating leadership style that I am apart of uses both the autocratic and the delegative style aspects to achieve maximum group potential. Participative leadership is concerned about the group and that the group has input. A3: Understanding to be more effective To be a leader you must have a mix of skills, behaviors, value sets and knowledge. To be a more effective leader one must understand their abilities and understand others and their strengths/weaknesses. This understanding includes an apprehension for other leadership styles. An impelling leader, understanding certain situations and leadership styles, can carry out different styles to lead different groups and teams of people. A great leader will supply assistance and encouragement to a group based on its needs and maintain the group by using its knowledge of different leadership styles. An effective leader can not accomplish success exclusive of a team. Those teams will consist of lots of team members and different leaders. An effective leader will be able to understand other leadership styles to support and assist those leaders. ââ¬Å"The advantage to understanding your leadership style is that you understand your strengths and weaknesses. You can be proactive and more effective as a leader by strategically using your strengths and counteracting your weaker areas. Your style defines your values and perspective, and being aware of it will aid your communication those you work with. As the saying goes, knowledge is power. You can empower yourself and move forward in your career or interest by exercising this knowledge (Raines, 2011).â⬠When knowing yourself and your leadership style it helps you in the workplace. Knowing your work environment and workplace challenges helps to address appropriate solutions using your leadership style. By knowing your style and the areas around you, it helps you make sound strategies for solutions to the problems and you can succeed by steering the strengths of the leadership way. Being a leader means that you must be able to know your strengths and weaknesses and the situations of the group and when to incorporate your style into the situation. Leadership is not a thing that fits all situations. The more leadership styles you are accustomed to, the more negotiable you will be able to be in the group. A4: Two problems in workplace due to different leadership Problem 1: An employee is always late for workplace. The schedule that the employee is on is one of rotating shifts (day and night). This involves different managers with different leadership styles. These different leadership styles has allowed this employee to continue its bad behaviors and continue to be late. Problem 2: Personality Clash. Your style is to talk out problems and solutions (democratic leadership style) while a manager you work with is direct and to the point (autocratic style), and doesnt want to hear about the solutions but just wants the problems fixed. ââ¬Å"Spray gun in tablet bed has stopped working, most of the team wants to find root cause, but one of the managers wants a solution now and doesnt want to understand what causedà the problem.â⬠A4a: Two ways to overcome each problem Problem 1: Late employee. The employee that is late knows that if LF (Laissez-Faire) manager is working that he allows an unstructured work environment. In other words, see nothing, hear nothing, speak nothing and all is correct in the work place. He has unclear expectations for this late employee and is more of people pleas-er that tackling the problem. This manager is fine if the employee is late as long as it does not effect production. This leadership style also allows him to play favorites. He has different rules for different people. As long as production is not affected, whats to bother? If AA (Autocratic) is manager, this employee knows that she can not be late to work, as is not for fear of consequences of her actions. They know that action will be taken against them if they are late. This causes a trickle down effect for employees, and their team morale. Since not all leadership team-members are on the same plane, things like this are always happening. We must fix this problem, before it gets out of hand. Fix. LF manager should first follow the rules and make the employee accountable for her actions. If that employee is late, they should have consequences like everyone else. If that does not work, then managers of this team should be aware of all times that employees are arriving and leaving work. During a monthly meeting, management could review all badge in/outs to make sure times are consistent with when employees are arriving and leaving. At these meetings, employees are questioned and held accountable for their tardiness. If this is not a viable option, management should have one manager that is responsible for all tardies/lates to work. This would be a dedicated job for the manager and take the responsibility off of the other managers andà help alleviate the leadership style differences between managers. Another quick fixer, would be to discuss this problem with LF manager and hold him accountable for allowing the employee to get away with tardies/lates. This one on one meeting would help to show him that there are consequences to his actions and that all employees need to be accountable for their actions. Problem 2: Spray gun. One way to fix this problem is to invite and have the said manager attend and hold discussions within the group to help him see that not all problems have immediate solutions. Allowing him on the team, helps him develop his leadership style and see there is not one leadership style that encompasses all problems. The leader must find it valuable for them to be on the team and to give input. Showing them that they are valued goes a long way to helping them develop as great leaders. Have a one on one with the manager to discuss reasons for and against having this meeting. If both parties that are having trouble understanding meet, then they are more apt to understand where each other is coming from. If this doesnt work, we can always call an upper level management manager to help diffuse the situation. Another solution would be coaching. Maybe this manager/leader is insecure/uncertain about work environment or doesnt want to make decisions because its not my job. Maybe this manager lacks creativity or innovation. Whatever the issue that they are dealing with, a great effective synergistic leader would see this as an opportunistic time to coach the manager in these areas to help alleviate stress, uncertainty and encourage teamwork, trust, expectations and cohesion amongst teams. A5a: Three advantages that increase productivity on these advantages ââ¬Å"Taking a team from ordinary to extraordinary means understanding andà embracing the differences (Bennicasa, 2012).â⬠The joint vision enables all groups to have meaningful communicationsââ¬âbusiness synergy. Lets take a company that is going through a major brand transformation. The reasons not to change are abundant. The company was reaching goals and employee satisfaction was high. The company would lose brand identification through the proposed changes from upper management. The company would be dysfunctional because the whole team was not on board for the transformation. The change was a challenge from all parties involved. The bottom line came when management and the team members realized that those concerns did not compare to the importance of providing the best product and customer service to the customers. The shared vision had to be recognized from all that was serving through the transformation. The important factor was understanding that it was not about us anymore, but about the companys greater good and we had to embrace it. Meetings were held, discussions were had about working together, being a better team, how to better serve our customers, and enabling team diversity. We had to see the team synergy to be able to grow and become a better productive team. New logos and mottos and so forth did not create team synergy, but leadership had to add value to the team and show all the team members that they were required to make a better teamââ¬âthat is business leadership synergy. Once team synergy was found, this allowed the team members to be accountable for their actions and this included the quality of the new products. In return, this created a better product for the customer. A second advantage of having a synergy leadership style could be used when different team members are not included in a process that affects them. When a team of engineers and managers are designing a new stream line approach to the production floor to help move along the packaging process of ââ¬Å"MMsâ⬠. A synergy leadership approach to the stream line approach would beà to include the actual workers from the packaging floor. These employees would be able to discuss best practices for help in designing the new approach. This would speed up the meeting process and would speed up implementation of new processes because the packaging team members would be included in the process. Including these team members would allow for less trial and error and more time being productive in having the new packaging approach in a workable state. Having a synergistic team is just as important than the actual packaging process because it stream lines the meeting, allows team-members to have certain expectations, keeps the meetings focused on the problems and develops and enhances rich collaborative discussions that are now easy to haveââ¬âbusiness success. The third advantage of leadership synergy would be having all upper management in a participative meeting discussing the new vision for the company. After long discussions the team has selected the vision for the company. The team then selects an authoritative figure to disburse the new vision information to the whole company groupââ¬âbecause its not up for debate anymore. Knowing when to use different leadership roles is very important. In this model, a decision that has the absolute consensus of all upper management, will appear when all team-members is seeing the discussion directly through the same glasses ââ¬â which includes the mission, the vision and the teams goals. Without these glasses, cooperative judgments can be challenging to accomplish. The hard part of making decisions and agreeing upon them in a multi-leadership style team ââ¬âis that there is no common goal ââ¬â changes in leadership styles will strangle the discussions, as more thoughts will only add to the difficulty in making a decision. Looking through the same lenses of the glasses permits a variety diversity into the debate and allows the group to succeed. Once we see everything through the same lens, then the upper management groupà can be more productive in delivering a vision in a timely manner. This synergy of upper management leaders then starts trickling down to management teams throughout the plant and then onto regular teams and committees in the plant. This trickle down affect makes teams more productive, more efficient by allowing the meetings to flow better and to free up people to not be in meetings (to be on the floor being productive making the products). References Bennicasa, Robyn. (2012) 6 Leadership Styles, and When You Should Use Them. Retrieved from http://www.fastcompany.com/1838481/6-leadership-styles-and when-youshould-use-them. Dictionary.com. 2014. Empowerment Definition. Retrieved from http://dictionary. reference.com/browse_empowerment Raines, Stephanie. 2011. The Advantages of Knowing Your Leadership Style. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-knowing leadership-style18924.html. Tannenbaum, A.S. and Schmitt, W.H. (1958). How to choose a leadership pattern. Harvard Business Review, 36, March-April, 95-101. triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8552150416741959625.post-2961276426711234972019-11-15T01:27:00.001-08:002019-11-15T01:27:03.070-08:00Rabies :: Biology Medical Disease RabiesRabies Rabies virus belongs to the Lyssavirus family in which all the members are animal viruses mainly found in bats and are of a bullet-like shape. The virus is usually spread through bites or scratches. Rabies was first suspected in bats in Brazil during the 1910s. In 1931, it was diagnosed for the first time in Trinidad. Rabies is most common in Asia and found more in wild animals than in domestic animals or humans. There has only been one person who miraculously survived rabies even though she had never been previously exposed to it. Rabies virus belongs to the order Mononegavirales, and within this group, it falls into the Rhabdoviridae family because of its shape. This family includes three genera of animal viruses: Lyssavirus, Ephemerovirus, and Vesiculovirus. The genus Lyssavirus includes the rabies virus and other viruses that are mainly found in bats. The Rabies virus has a distinct bullet-like shape. The length of the virus structure is of about 180 nm with a cross-sectional diameter of about 75nm. Like a bullet, one end of the virus is rounded and the other end is planar or concave. The genome encodes 5-proteins: nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (G), and polymerase (L). The two major structural components of viruses like rabies that fall under the rhabdoviruses family are: a helical ribonucleoprotein core (RNP) and a surrounding envelope. Rabies is an RNA virus. The arrangements of the five proteins and the RNA genome determine the structure of the rabies virus. The genome is a single-stranded, non-segmented, RNA of about 12kb that is followed by the five proteins. The rabies virus is usually spread through bites or scratches, abrasions, or through open wounds in the skin when saliva (and in certain conditions, the urine) from an infected animal that makes contact with the open flesh. The virus-induced, aggressive biting-behavior in the infected animal, along with the viral budding into the salivary glands, maximize the chances of viral infection to a new host. Rabies has been around for many years causing the deaths of animals as well as humans. During the 1910s, rabies in bats was suspected in Brazil. In 1931, it was definitively diagnosed for the first time in Trinidad in Latin America. Since 1985, bats have been the main rabies reservoirs identified. Bats are, and have been, the number one source of infection for the cases diagnosed in domestic animals every year. Recently in 2001, forty-nine U.S. triciajenkins57http://www.blogger.com/profile/17103565008120653876noreply@blogger.com0